Table 4.
Univariate and Multivariate Cox Regression Models to Predict OS (per Patient Analysis)
| Variables | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Patients | ||||
| Age | ||||
| Sex female vs. male | 0.70 (0.32‐1.54) | 0.38 | ||
| ASA (>2 vs. ≤2) | 2.13 (1.17‐3.9) | 0.014 | 1.92 (0.88‐4.17) | 0.1 |
| Diabetes | 1.36 (0.76‐2.42) | 0.3 | ||
| Metformin treatment | 0.99 (0.43‐2.3) | 0.98 | ||
| Statin treatment | 0.51 (0.18‐1.42) | 0.19 | ||
| Treatment‐naive patient | 0.59 (0.31‐1.09) | 0.09 | ||
| Local recurrence | 0.94 (0.49‐1.81) | 0.85 | ||
| IDR | 1.83 (0.96‐3.47) | 0.07 | ||
| Cirrhosis | 0.8 (0.33‐1.94) | 0.62 | ||
| Child‐Pugh (B vs. A) | 0.72 (0.08‐6.63) | 0.78 | ||
| Cause of liver disease (vs. alcohol) | ||||
| Viral hepatitis B or C | 0.91 (0.46‐1.8) | 0.79 | ||
| Hemochromatosis | 0.38 (0.05‐2.6) | 0.32 | ||
| Others (including NASH) | 0.56 (0.2‐1.52) | 0.25 | ||
| Steatosis | 0.76 (0.41‐1.4) | 0.38 | ||
| AFP ≥ 100 vs. <100 ng/mL | 4.71 (2.03‐10.9) | <0.001 | ||
| AFP (per unit) | 1.002 (1.001‐1.003) | <0.001 | 1.002 (1.001‐1.003) | <0.001 |
| MELD (>9 vs. ≤9) | 2.59 (1.44‐4.67) | 0.001 | 2.01 (0.95‐4.26) | 0.07 |
| Tumor size (per mm) | 1.01 (0.96‐1.06) | 0.73 | ||
| Tumor size <20 mm | 1.48 (0.65‐3.33) | 0.35 | ||
| Nb. of HCC (1 vs. >1) | 1.52 (0.78‐2.96) | 0.22 | ||
| Steatotic HCC | 0.14 (0.03‐0.61) | 0.008 | 0.12 (0.02‐0.9) | 0.039 |
| Dome tumor | 0.79 (0.39‐1.63) | 0.53 | ||
| Subcapsular | 1.58 (0.89‐2.81) | 0.12 | ||
| Near large vessel | 0.95 (0.49‐1.84) | 0.88 | ||
| Near surrounding organ | 0.53 (0.17‐1.63) | 0.27 | ||
| PTA modality: MWA vs. RF | 1.54 (0.84‐2.8) | 0.16 | ||
| US vs. CT guidance | 0.76 (0.42‐1.37) | 0.36 | ||
Otherwise indicated, numeric predictors are investigated per unit.
Significant P values are indicated in bold.
Abbreviations: MWA, microwave ablation; RF, radiofrequency; US, ultrasonography.