Table 4.
Multiple comparison results from the Tukey HSD analysis for the educational attainment group differences for math anxiety.
| Education Level | Mean (SD) | Education Level | Mean (SD) | Mean Diff | 95% C.I.s | Cohen’s d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hopko MARS-R scale | ||||||
| Grade 7–12 | 4.21 (0.53) | Graduated high school | 2.44 (0.99) | 1.77 | −0.25, 3.78 | 2.23 |
| Some college | 2.45 (0.97) | 1.76 | −0.24, 3.76 | 2.25 | ||
| Graduated from 2-year college | 2.32 (0.97) | 1.89 | −0.12, 3.90 | 2.42 | ||
| Graduated from 4-year college | 2.27 (0.96) | 1.94 | −0.06, 3.39 | 2.50 | ||
| Attended graduate or professional school | 2.49 (1.06) | 1.72 | −0.33, 3.77 | 2.05 | ||
| Completed graduate or professional school | 2.02 (0.87) | 2.19 | 0.19, 4.19 | 3.04 | ||
| Graduated high school | 2.44 (0.99) | Some college | 2.45 (0.97) | −0.01 | −0.35, 0.34 | −0.01 |
| Graduated from 2-year college | 2.32 (0.97) | 0.12 | −0.28, 0.53 | 0.12 | ||
| Graduated from 4-year college | 2.27 (0.96) | 0.17 | −0.16, 0.50 | 0.17 | ||
| Attended graduate or professional school | 2.49 (1.06) | −0.04 | −0.60, 0.52 | −0.05 | ||
| Completed graduate or professional school | 2.02 (0.87) | 0.42 | 0.06, 0.79 | 0.45 | ||
| Some college | 2.45 (0.97) | Graduated from 2-year college | 2.32 (0.97) | 0.13 | −0.20, 0.46 | 0.13 |
| Graduated from 4-year college | 2.27 (0.96) | 0.18 | −0.06, 0.41 | 0.19 | ||
| Attended graduate or professional school | 2.49 (1.06) | −0.04 | −0.55, 0.47 | −0.04 | ||
| Completed graduate or professional school | 2.02 (0.87) | 0.43 | 0.15, 0.71 | 0.47 | ||
| Graduated from 2-year college | 2.32 (0.97) | Graduated from 4-year college | 2.27 (0.96) | 0.05 | −0.27, 0.37 | 0.05 |
| Attended graduate or professional school | 2.49 (1.06) | −0.17 | −0.72, 0.39 | −0.17 | ||
| Completed graduate or professional school | 2.02 (0.87) | 0.30 | −0.05, 0.65 | 0.33 | ||
| Graduated from 4-year college | 2.27 (0.96) | Attended graduate or professional school | 2.49 (1.06) | −0.21 | −0.71, 0.29 | −0.22 |
| Completed graduate or professional school | 2.02 (0.87) | 0.25 | −0.01, 0.51 | 0.27 | ||
| Attended graduate or professional school | 2.49 (1.06) | Completed graduate or professional school | 2.02 (0.87) | 0.47 | −0.05, 0.99 | 0.48 |
| MAST-GMA scale | ||||||
| Grade 7–12 | 4.45 (0.64) | Graduated high school | 2.80 (1.19) | 1.65 | −0.73, 4.03 | 1.73 |
| Some college | 2.72 (1.03) | 1.73 | −0.63, 4.10 | 2.02 | ||
| Graduated from 2-year college | 2.64 (1.11) | 1.81 | −0.57, 4.19 | 2.00 | ||
| Graduated from 4-year college | 2.47 (1.16) | 1.98 | −0.38, 4.35 | 2.11 | ||
| Attended graduate or professional school | 2.73 (1.18) | 1.72 | −0.70, 4.15 | 1.81 | ||
| Completed graduate or professional school | 2.21 (1.05) | 2.24 | −0.13, 4.61 | 2.58 | ||
| Graduated high school | 2.80 (1.19) | Some college | 2.72 (1.03) | 0.08 | −0.33, 0.49 | 0.07 |
| Graduated from 2-year college | 2.64 (1.11) | 0.16 | −0.32, 0.64 | 0.14 | ||
| Graduated from 4-year college | 2.47 (1.16) | 0.33 | −0.06, 0.72 | 0.28 | ||
| Attended graduate or professional school | 2.73 (1.18) | 0.07 | −0.59, 0.74 | 0.06 | ||
| Completed graduate or professional school | 2.21 (1.05) | 0.58 | 0.16, 1.05 | 0.53 | ||
| Some college | 2.72 (1.03) | Graduated from 2-year college | 2.64 (1.11) | 0.08 | −0.32, 0.47 | 0.07 |
| Graduated from 4-year college | 2.47 (1.16) | 0.25 | −0.03, 0.53 | 0.23 | ||
| Attended graduate or professional school | 2.73 (1.18) | −0.01 | −0.61, 0.59 | −0.01 | ||
| Completed graduate or professional school | 2.21 (1.05) | 0.50 | 0.17, 0.83 | 0.49 | ||
| Graduated from 2-year college | 2.64 (1.11) | Graduated from 4-year college | 2.47 (1.16) | 0.17 | −0.21, 0.55 | 0.15 |
| Attended graduate or professional school | 2.73 (1.18) | −0.09 | −0.74, 0.57 | −0.08 | ||
| Completed graduate or professional school | 2.21 (1.05) | 0.43 | 0.01, 0.84 | 0.40 | ||
| Graduated from 4-year college | 2.47 (1.16) | Attended graduate or professional school | 2.73 (1.18) | −0.26 | −0.85, 0.33 | −0.22 |
| Completed graduate or professional school | 2.21 (1.05) | 0.26 | −0.05, 0.56 | 0.24 | ||
| Attended graduate or professional school | 2.73 (1.18) | Completed graduate or professional school | 2.21 (1.05) | 0.51 | −0.10, 1.13 | 0.47 |
| 0 to 10 math anxiety scale | ||||||
| Grade 7–12 | 6.50 (0.71) | Graduated high school | 4.63 (3.04) | 1.87 | −0.50, 8.24 | 0.85 |
| Some college | 4.40 (3.12) | 2.10 | −4.22, 8.43 | 0.93 | ||
| Graduated from 2-year college | 4.28 (3.01) | 2.22 | −4.14, 8.58 | 1.02 | ||
| Graduated from 4-year college | 3.78 (3.03) | 2.72 | −3.60, 9.03 | 1.24 | ||
| Attended graduate or professional school | 4.63 (3.29) | 1.87 | −4.61, 8.35 | 0.79 | ||
| Completed graduate or professional school | 3.11 (2.79) | 3.39 | −2.95, 9.72 | 1.67 | ||
| Graduated high school | 4.63 (3.04) | Some college | 4.40 (3.12) | 0.23 | −0.86, 1.32 | 0.07 |
| Graduated from 2-year college | 4.28 (3.01) | 0.35 | −0.94, 1.64 | 0.12 | ||
| Graduated from 4-year college | 3.78 (3.03) | 0.84 | −0.21, 1.89 | 0.28 | ||
| Attended graduate or professional school | 4.63 (3.29) | −.002 | −1.77, 1.77 | 0.00 | ||
| Completed graduate or professional school | 3.11 (2.79) | 1.51 | 0.36, 2.66 | 0.52 | ||
| Some college | 4.40 (3.12) | Graduated from 2-year college | 4.28 (3.01) | 0.12 | −0.93, 1.17 | 0.04 |
| Graduated from 4-year college | 3.78 (3.03) | 0.61 | −0.13, 1.36 | 0.20 | ||
| Attended graduate or professional school | 4.63 (3.29) | −0.23 | −1.84, 1.38 | −0.07 | ||
| Completed graduate or professional school | 3.11 (2.79) | 1.29 | 0.41, 2.16 | 0.44 | ||
| Graduated from 2-year college | 4.28 (3.01) | Graduated from 4-year college | 3.78 (3.03) | 0.49 | −0.52, 1.50 | 0.17 |
| Attended graduate or professional school | 4.63 (3.29) | −0.35 | −2.10, 1.40 | −0.11 | ||
| Completed graduate or professional school | 3.11 (2.79) | 1.16 | 0.05, 2.28 | 0.40 | ||
| Graduated from 4-year college | 3.78 (3.03) | Attended graduate or professional school | 4.63 (3.29) | −0.84 | −1.89, 0.21 | −0.11 |
| Completed graduate or professional school | 3.11 (2.79) | 0.67 | −0.15, 1.50 | 0.40 | ||
| Attended graduate or professional school | 4.63 (3.29) | Completed graduate or professional school | 3.11 (2.79) | 1.52 | −0.13, 3.16 | 0.50. |
Note. Grade 7–12 n = 2, Graduated high school n = 91, Some college n = 248, Graduated from 2-year college n = 101, Graduated from 4-year college n = 343, Attended graduate or professional school n = 35, Completed graduate or professional school n = 177. Bolded estimates are statistically significant.