Table 2.
Model 1 | Model 2a | Model 2b | Model 3a | Model 3b | Model 4a | Model 4b | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Black | 0.148 | −0.143 | −2.853*** | −2.607*** | −2.447*** | −2.076*** | −1.950*** |
Age | 0.012*** | 0.023*** | 0.029*** | 0.037*** | 0.038*** | 0.041*** | 0.040*** |
Age2 | 0.000*** | 0.000 | −0.000 | −0.000 | −0.000 | −0.000 | −0.000 |
Gender (1=female) | 0.237*** | 0.227*** | 0.230*** | 0.222*** | 0.224*** | 0.216*** | 0.218*** |
Black * Age | 0.037*** | 0.035*** | 0.026*** | 0.027*** | 0.024*** | 0.022*** | 0.023*** |
Black * Age2 | −0.001*** | −0.001*** | −0.000** | −0.000** | −0.000* | −0.000* | −0.000** |
Region (1=South) | 0.155*** | 0.131** | 0.121** | 0.141** | 0.138** | 0.133** | 0.132** |
Year | 0.008* | 0.012** | 0.012** | 0.003 | 0.003 | −0.002 | −0.001 |
Died | 1.463*** | 1.318*** | 1.313*** | 1.292*** | 1.294*** | 1.260*** | 1.254*** |
Income | −0.220*** | −0.347*** | −0.285*** | −0.277*** | −0.214*** | −0.204*** | |
Black * Income | 0.225*** | 0.197*** | 0.181*** | 0.145*** | 0.126*** | ||
Education | |||||||
High school | −0.608*** | −0.689*** | −0.673*** | −0.670*** | −0.604*** | −0.588*** | |
Some college | −0.806*** | −0.908*** | −0.891*** | −0.889*** | −0.800*** | −0.780*** | |
Bachelors | −1.176*** | −1.266*** | −1.243*** | −1.240*** | −1.090*** | −1.068*** | |
Advanced | −1.427*** | −1.511*** | −1.507*** | −1.507*** | −1.335*** | −1.311*** | |
Black * Education | |||||||
Black * High school | 0.116 | 0.149 | 0.135 | 0.122 | 0.086 | ||
Black * Some college | 0.176 | 0.217 | 0.203 | 0.208 | 0.150 | ||
Black * Bachelors | 0.320* | 0.320* | 0.311* | 0.320* | 0.252 | ||
Black * Advanced | 0.349* | 0.343* | 0.341* | 0.349* | 0.278 | ||
Wealth (total net worth) | −0.029*** | −0.033*** | −0.018*** | −0.017*** | |||
Black * Wealth | 0.010** | 0.008* | 0.006 | ||||
Wealth Components | |||||||
Own home (1=yes) | −0.070 | −0.059 | |||||
Home equity | −0.006 | −0.005 | |||||
Savings | −0.040*** | −0.052*** | |||||
Stocks | −0.024*** | −0.022*** | |||||
Debt | 0.017*** | 0.016*** | |||||
Black * Wealth Components | |||||||
Black * Own home | −0.023 | ||||||
Black * Home equity | −0.001 | ||||||
Black * Savings | 0.027*** | ||||||
Black * Stocks | −0.011 | ||||||
Black * Debt | −0.001 | ||||||
Intercepts | |||||||
Threshold=1 | −0.786*** | −4.257*** | −5.816*** | −5.248*** | −5.167*** | −4.544*** | −4.490*** |
Threshold=2 | 0.972*** | −2.422*** | −3.971*** | −3.388*** | −3.307*** | −2.671*** | −2.616*** |
Threshold=3 | 2.593*** | −0.714*** | −2.259*** | −1.663*** | −1.582*** | −0.932*** | −0.877*** |
Threshold=4 | 4.066*** | 0.816*** | −0.730*** | −0.125 | −0.045 | 0.612** | 0.668** |
AIC | 97,736 | 96,128 | 96,043 | 95,779 | 95,769 | 95,488 | 95,486 |
Note: Results of cumulative link mixed models. Includes random intercepts for individuals and households. Years of analysis = 2005–2011. n=38,450 person-years; 11,036 unique individuals. Race reference category = White. Degree reference category = Less than high school. All wealth variables transformed via an inverse hyperbolic sine (IHS) and inflated to 2015 U.S. dollars via the Consumer Price Index.