Table 3. Anthropometric and biochemical characteristics of Cohort 2 divided by sex and fat mass.
|
Characteristics (mean ± SE) |
F (N° 66) | M (N° 63) | ||||
|
Low fat mass (range fat mass: 14.7-22.8 kg) (N° 32) |
High fat mass (range fat mass: 28.0-39.1 kg) (N° 34) |
p value |
Low fat mass (range fat mass: 10.6-21.5 kg) (N° 31) |
High fat mass (range fat mass: 26.5-38.1 kg) (N° 32) |
p value |
|
| BMI | 22.96 ± 0.27 | 28.04 ± 0.31 | 0.000 | 24.28 ± 0.27 | 28.81 ± 0.21 | 0.000 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 78.39 ± 1.01 | 91.36 ± 0.99 | 0.000 | 89.64 ± 1.12 | 104.15 ± 1.09 | 0.000 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 94.79 ± 0.71 | 106.03 ± 0.73 | 0.000 | 94.63 ± 0.77 | 103.72 ± 0.76 | 0.000 |
| Handgrip (kg) | 22.67 ± 0.82 | 24.04 ± 1.03 | n.s. | 38.65 ± 1.18 | 39.04 ± 1.24 | n.s. |
| Metabolic parameters | ||||||
| Glycaemia (mg/dl) | 99.29 ± 2.19 | 99.15 ± 1.16 | n.s. | 101.06 ± 2.17 | 110.29 ± 3.54 | 0.03 |
| Insulin (μIU/ml) | 7.22 ± 0.95 | 9.85 ± 0.86 | 0.01 | 5.82 ± 073 | 13.93 ± 1.49 | 0.000 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.87 ± 0.33 | 2.43 ± 0.22 | 0.01 | 1.41 ± 0.18 | 3.91 ± 0.45 | 0.000 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 213.69 ± 5.50 | 201.63 ± 5.53 | n.s. | 184.80 ± 6.31 | 181.05 ± 6.74 | n.s. |
| HDL (mg/dl) | 68.76 ± 2.93 | 59.64 ± 2.57 | 0.02 | 55.25 ± 2.26 | 47.05 ± 1.98 | 0.006 |
| LDL (mg/dl) | 125.89 ± 5.44 | 121.37 ± 4.87 | n.s. | 108.51 ± 5.52 | 110.96 ± 6.55 | n.s. |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 95.19 ± 6.73 | 103.10 ± 6.30 | n.s. | 90.25 ± 6.98 | 119.06 ± 9.38 | 0.003 |
| Body composition parameters | ||||||
| FM (kg) | 19.50 ± 0.37 | 31.57 ± 0.50 | 0.000 | 17.67 ± 0.57 | 30.59 ± 0.49 | 0.000 |
| FMI (kg/m2) | 7.89 ± 0.16 | 12.37 ± 0.23 | 0.000 | 6.12 ± 0.17 | 10.26 ± 0.15 | 0.000 |
| LM (kg) | 36.33 ± 0.61 | 39.14 ± 0.60 | 0.005 | 50.30 ± 0.88 | 53.31 ± 0.76 | 0.021 |
| ALMI (kg/m2) | 6.24 ± 0.10 | 6.73 ± 0.11 | 0.006 | 7.79 ± 0.13 | 8.28 ± 0.10 | 0.023 |
| LMI (kg/m2) | 14.70 ± 0.19 | 15.29 ± 0.19 | 0.045 | 17.48 ± 0.22 | 17.86 ± 0.14 | n.s. |
| FM/LM | 0.54 ± 0.01 | 0.81 ± 0.02 | 0.000 | 0.35 ± 0.01 | 0.58 ± 0.01 | 0.000 |
| SMI | 0.27 ± 0.003 | 0.24 ± 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.32 ± 0.003 | 0.28 ± 0.002 | 0.000 |
| BMC (g) | 1890.20 ± 44.75 | 2050.29 ± 37.22 | 0.006 | 2870.81 ± 75.79 | 3054.15 ± 77.48 | n.s. |
| BMD (g/cm2) | 0.92 ± 0.02 | 0.97 ± 0.01 | 0.01 | 1.17 ± 0.02 | 1.19 ± 0.02 | n.s. |
| Android/gynoid FM | 0.44 ± 0.03 | 0.56 ± 0.02 | 0.000 | 0.66 ± 0.03 | 0.92 ± 0.03 | 0.000 |
| Android FM/LM | 0.56 ± 0.03 | 0.98 ± 0.03 | 0.000 | 0.44 ± 0.02 | 0.91 ± 0.02 | 0.000 |
| VAT (g) | 640.21 ± 59.02 | 1403.18 ± 90.88 | 0.000 | 999.79 ± 76.51 | 2726.72 ± 119.66 | 0.000 |
| SAT (g) | 869.45 ± 37.97 | 1450.29 ± 56.46 | 0.000 | 698.07 ± 40.87 | 911.89 ± 74.11 | 0.019 |
| Average number of diseases | 1.57 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.62 | ||
|
Current diseases (n° subjects) |
diabetes (1), heart failure (8), hypercholesterolemia (16), hypertension (12), irregular heart rhythm (5), obliterative arteriopathy (8) | heart failure (4), hypercholesterolemia (18), hypertension (15), irregular heart rhythm (2), obliterative arteriopathy (12) | angina pectoris (2), diabetes (2), heart failure (8), hypercholesterolemia (14), hypertension (16), irregular heart rhythm (4), obliterative arteriopathy (4) | angina pectoris (1), diabetes (6), heart failure (7), hypercholesterolemia (11), hypertension (18), irregular heart rhythm (2), obliterative arteriopathy (7) | ||
Legend: FM: fat mass; FMI: fat mass index; LM: lean mass; ALMI: appendicular lean mass index; LMI: lean mass index; SMI: skeletal muscle index; BMC: bone mineral content; BMD: bone mineral density; VAT: visceral adipose tissue; SAT: subcutaneous adipose tissue; n.s. = not significant;