Table 2. Characteristics of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia, stratified by the outcome.
| Characteristics | IMV therapy | ICU admission | ARDS | Death | |||||||
| Not receiving IMV therapy (n = 1060) | Receiving IMV therapy (n = 31) | Without ICU admission (n = 973) | ICU admission (n = 118) | Without ARDS (n = 1021) | With ARDS (n = 70) | Alive (n = 1043) | Died (n = 48) | ||||
| Male, n (%) | 486 (45.8) | 22 (71.0) * | 435 (44.7) | 74 (62.7) * | 461 (45.2) | 48 (68.6) * | 481 (46.1) | 28 (58.3) * | |||
| Age, years | 59.00 (49.00-67.00) | 68.00 (62.00-86.00) * | 58.00 (48.00-66.00) | 68.00 (58.00-80.00) * | 59.00 (49.00-67.00) | 68.00 (57.00-82.00) * | 59.00 (49.00-67.00) | 75.00 (65.50-85.50) * | |||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.49 (20.42-25.01) | 25.95 (22.49-28.69) * | 22.49 (20.38-24.84) | 24.22 (20.76-27.43) * | 22.49 (20.31-24.91) | 25.45 (22.49-28.39) * | 22.58 (20.42-25.26) | 22.49 (19.48-26.00) | |||
| Hematologic | |||||||||||
| Neutrophils, × 109/L | 3.50 (2.60-4.68) | 5.87 (4.27-10.49) * | 3.42 (2.57-4.51) | 5.43 (3.33-7.88) * | 3.46 (2.60-4.61) | 5.51 (3.00-8.29) * | 3.46 (2.58-4.65) | 5.51 (4.68-9.68) * | |||
| Lymphocytes, × 109/L | 1.25 (0.82-1.71) | 0.68 (0.45-0.83) * | 1.31 (0.89-1.74) | 0.66 (0.46-0.84) * | 1.28 (0.86-1.72) | 0.64 (0.45-0.79) * | 1.26 (0.83-1.71) | 0.65 (0.45-0.87) * | |||
| Platelets, × 109/L | 211.00 (167.00-268.00) | 162.00 (129.00-186.00) * | 212.50 (168.00-268.00) | 180.50 (137.00-234.00) * | 211.00 (168.00-268.00) | 171.50 (139.00-223.00) * | 211.00 (167.00-266.50) | 170.50 (126.00-223.50) * | |||
| Biochemical | |||||||||||
| ALT, U/L | 23.30(15.41-37.13) | 35.15(24.83-48.15) * | 23.15(15.35-36.30) | 29.96(19.71-46.05) * | 23.35(15.43-36.90) | 34.80(21.70-48.15) * | 23.40(15.40-37.00) | 25.00(20.60-47.32) * | |||
| Serum creatinine, umol/l | 63.50(53.00-75.60) | 72.12(56.22-105.90) * | 63.10(52.91-75.00) | 69.23(58.73-90.70) * | 63.37(52.92-75.96) | 66.55(59.41-85.04) * | 63.32(52.92-75.00) | 84.10(61.51-112.18) * | |||
| hs-CRP, mg/L | 6.94(1.36-43.39) | 86.43(58.45-138.20) * | 5.35(1.19-34.24) | 80.37(43.32-116.06) * | 6.17(1.25-37.12) | 84.32(62.71-112.90) * | 6.73(1.35-42.03) | 92.31(43.89-149.37) * | |||
| Comorbidities | |||||||||||
| Diabetes, n (%) | 128 (12.1) | 8 (25.8) * | 111 (11.4) | 26 (22.0) * | 123 (12.1) | 14 (20.0) | 124 (11.9) | 13 (27.1) * | |||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 277 (26.1) | 10 (32.3) | 243 (25.0) | 45 (38.1) * | 264 (25.9) | 24 (34.3) | 271 (26.0) | 17 (35.4) | |||
| CVD, n (%) | 75 (7.1) | 6 (19.4) * | 62 (6.4) | 20 (17.0) * | 70 (6.9) | 12 (17.1) * | 75 (7.2) | 7 (14.6) | |||
| CLD, n (%) | 55 (5.2) | 2 (6.5) | 50 (5.1) | 7 (5.9) | 54 (5.3) | 3 (4.3) | 53 (5.1) | 4 (8.3) | |||
| Cancer, n (%) | 36 (3.4) | 4 (12.9) * | 27 (2.8) | 13 (11.0) * | 32 (3.1) | 8 (11.4) * | 36 (3.5) | 4 (8.3) | |||
| Oxygen therapy | |||||||||||
| Nasal cannula, n (%) | 597 (56.3) | 7 (31.8) * | 572 (58.9) | 35 (39.8) * | 601 (59.5) | 6 (12.2) * | 589 (57.4) | 18 (54.6) * | |||
| NPPV, n (%) | 167 (15.8) | 9 (29.0) * | 106 (10.9) | 70 (59.3) * | 138 (13.5) | 38 (54.3) * | 152 (14.6) | 24 (50.0) * | |||
| HFNC, n (%) | 77 (7.3) | 10 (32.3) * | 48 (4.9) | 39 (33.1) * | 62 (6.1) | 25 (35.7) * | 76 (7.3) | 11 (22.9) * | |||
| IMV, n (%) | 0 | 31 | 1 (0.1) | 30 (25.4) * | 6 (0.6) | 6 (12.2) * | 12 (1.2)) | 19 (39.6) * | |||
Data are n (%) or median (IQR). ALT, alanine transaminase. ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome. BMI, body mass index. CLD, chronic lung disease. COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019. CVD, cardiovascular disease. HFNC, high flow nasal cannula. hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation. NPPV, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation. * P < 0.05