Table 1. Baseline characteristics in two HGS groups.
| Normal HGS (n=10822) | Weakness HGS (n=1415) | p value | |
| Agea, yrs | 57.91(8.95) | 67.4(10.24) | <0.001 |
| Genderb, % | |||
| Male | 5178(47.85) | 709(50.11) | 0.110 |
| Female | 5644(52.15) | 706(49.89) | |
| Marriage statusb, % | |||
| Married | 9595(88.66) | 1035(73.14) | <0.001 |
| Others | 1227(11.34) | 380(26.86) | |
| Educationb, % | |||
| Below primary school | 4678(43.23) | 958(67.7) | <0.001 |
| Primary school | 2493(23.04) | 273(19.29) | |
| Junior middle school | 2362(21.83) | 121(8.55) | |
| High shool | 1076(9.94) | 50(3.53) | |
| Junior college and above | 211(1.95) | 13(0.92) | |
| Place of residenceb, % | |||
| Village | 8658(80.00) | 1201(84.88) | <0.001 |
| City or town | 2097(19.38) | 206(14.56) | |
| Others | 67(0.62) | 8(0.57) | |
| Smoking behaviorb, % | |||
| Not smoking | 7178(66.46) | 917(64.99) | 0.273 |
| Smoking | 3623(33.54) | 494(35.01) | |
| Alcoholic intakeb, % | |||
| Drink more than once a month | 2780(25.69) | 270(19.11) | <0.001 |
| Drink less than once a month | 880(8.13) | 105(7.43) | |
| Never had a drink | 7162(66.18) | 1038(73.46) | |
| BMI a, kg/m2 | 23.62(3.89) | 22.22(4.39) | <0.001 |
| Glucose c, mg/dl | 102.42(94.5-113.76) | 103.14(95.22-116.46) | <0.001 |
| Total Cholesterol c, mg/dl | 190.98(168.17-216.30) | 185.37(161.21-209.54) | <0.001 |
| CRP c, mg/l | 1.02(0.55-2.12) | 1.26(0.62-2.99) | <0.001 |
| Hypertensionb, % | |||
| Health | 3554(33.12) | 422(30.27) | 0.033 |
| Not health | 7178(66.88) | 972(69.73) | |
| Stroke | |||
| Yes | 191(1.76) | 54(3.82) | <0.001 |
| No | 10631(98.24) | 1361(96.18) |
Abbreviations: HGS, hand grip strength; BMI, body mass index, CPR, C-Reactive Protein. a P value based on two independent t tests. b P value based on χ2 test. c P value based on Wilcoxon W test.