Table 3. Associations between HGS and stroke prevalence and incidence.
| Unadjusted | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| Stroke Prevalence | ||||
| normal | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| weakness | 2.208(1.624-3.003) | 1.556(1.111-2.179) | 1.526(1.089-2.137) | 1.600(1.030-2.485) |
| Stroke Incidence | ||||
| Baseline HGS | ||||
| normal | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| weakness | 2.142(1.333-3.442) | 1.775(1.062-2.965) | 1.796(1.073-3.004) | 1.893(1.008-3.557) |
| D-HGS (2011/2015) | ||||
| normal/normal | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| weakness/normal | 1.143(0.355-3.680) | 1.233(0.378-4.025) | 1.238(0.379-4.043) | 0.660(0.089-4.898) |
| weakness/weakness | 3.830(1.978-7.415) | 3.669(1.759-7.653) | 3.652(1.747-7.635) | 4.183(1.736-10.075) |
| normal/weakness | 3.082(1.861-5.103) | 3.188(1.864-5.454) | 3.053(1.771-5.265) | 2.659(1.366-5.175) |
Model 1: adjusted for age, gender, marriage status, education level and place of residence. Model 2 = Model 1+ smoking behavior, alcoholic intake. Model 3 = Model 2+ BMI, hypertension, glucose, total cholesterol and C-reactive protein.
Abbreviations: 1. BMI: body mass index; 2. HGS: hand grip strength; 3. D-HGS: according to HGS status in 2011 and 2015, we classified all participants into four groups: normal/normal, weakness/normal, weakness/weakness and normal/weakness.