Appendix 1—table 3. Anakinra as an independent protective factor from 30-day mortality.
Univariate and multivariate (Cox forward conditional) models, for the anakinra with standard-of-care (SOC) group and parallel SOC comparators are presented. Only admission variables that differ significantly between patients who died and those who did not die are provided. Results are provided after four steps of analysis.
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameters, no. (%) | Survival (N = 216) | Death (N = 44) | HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value |
| Anakinra treatment, n(%) | 115 (53.2) | 15 (34.1) | 0.49 (0.26–0.91) | 0.024 | 0.49 (0.25–0.97) | 0.041 |
| Charlson’s comorbidity index, mean (SD) | 3 (2) | 4 (2) | 1.29 (1.13–1.48) | <0.0001 | 1.26 (1.09–1.48) | 0.002 |
| APACHE II score, mean (SD) | 6 (3) | 9 (3) | 1.24 (1.14–1.35) | <0.0001 | ||
| SOFA score, mean (SD) | 2 (1) | 3 (1) | 2.13 (1.73–2.63) | <0.0001 | 2.03 (1.61–2.55) | <0.0001 |
| Pneumonia severity index, mean (SD) | 67 (21) | 81 (18) | 3.66 (1.85–7.24) | <0.0001 | ||
| Severe COVID-19 by WHO classification, n (%) |
105 (48.6) | 37 (84.1) | 4.86 (2.17–10.92) | 0.0001 | ||
| Soluble uPAR, ng/ml, median (Q1–Q3) | 8.8 (6.8–11.4) | 10.4 (8.0–14.7) | 1.15 (1.05–1.26) | 0.003 | ||
| Lymphocytes/mm3, median (Q1–Q3) | 984 (699–1275) | 839 (545–1167) | 0.999 (0.99–1.00) | 0.024 | ||
| C-reactive protein, mg/l, median (Q1–Q3) | 50.7 (17.5–118.4) | 80.1 (18.7–156.7) | 1.003 (1.00–1.01) | 0.033 | ||
| PaO2/FiO2 mmHg, median (Q1–Q3) | 301 (224.6–374.4) | 195.8 (88.2–290.4) | 0.99 (0.98–0.99) | <0.0001 | ||
| History of type 2 diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 53 (24.5) | 20 (45.5) | 2.38 (1.31–4.31) | 0.004 | ||
| Treatment with third generation cephalosporin, n (%) | 93 (43.1) | 10 (22.7) | 0.43 (0.21–0.88) | 0.020 | ||
| Treatment with piperacillin/tazobactam, n (%) |
59 (27.3) | 20 (45.5) | 2.03 (1.11–3.69) | 0.021 | ||
| Treatment with remdesivir, n (%) | 11 (5.1) | 8 (18.6) | 3.22 (1.50–6.95) | 0.003 | 1.27 (1.09–1.47) | 0.002 |
Abbreviations: APACHE: acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; CI: confidence interval; HR: hazard ratio; n: number; PaO2/FiO2: ratio of partial oxygen pressure to the fraction of inspired oxygen; q: quartile; SD: standard deviation; SOFA: sequential organ failure assessment; uPAR: urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor.