Table 5. Tools to assess other psychiatric disorders.
| Depression | References to studies that have used the tool in cosmetic surgery patients | |
|---|---|---|
| Hospital anxiety and depression scale 98 |
1. Reliable and valid instrument divided into an anxiety subscale (HADS-A) and a depression subscale (HADS-D)
99
2. Sensitivity and specificity for both HADS-A and HADS-D was ~0.80 100 |
Mr et al (2013)
76
Wei et al (2018) 18 Clarke et al (2012) 19 |
| Beck’s depression inventory (BDI) 101,102 | 1. Self-rated, 21 item scale 2. Second edition represents a revision that is more consistent with current diagnostic criteria for depression 103 |
Monpellier et al (2018)
12
Bender et al (2014) 72 Vargel et al (2001) 77 Paula et al (2018) 14 Pavan et al (2017) 104 Belli et al (2013) 7 Pavan et al (2013) 17 Beraldo et al (2016) 16 |
| Hamilton depression rating scales (HDRS) 105 | 1. Clinician administered 2. Many versions of the scale exist with the number of items usually varying between 17 and 24 and can be applied in ~15 minutes |
Bellino et al (2006) 23 |
| Anxiety | ||
| State–trait anxiety inventory (STAI) 106 | 1. It comprises of 2 subscales namely the State Anxiety Scale (S-Anxiety) which evaluates the current state of anxiety and the trait anxiety scale (T-anxiety) 2. 40 item, self-report scale and the internal consistency coefficients for the scale have ranged from 0.86 to 0.95 with test-retest reliability coefficients ranging from 0.65 to 0.75 106,107 |
Chahraoui et al (2006) 15 |
| Hamilton anxiety rating scales (HARS) 108 | 1. Clinician-based questionnaire consisting of 14 items 2. It has acceptable reliability and validity in adults and has shown good interrater reliability 108–110 |
Del Aguila et al (2019)
22
Bellino et al (2006) 23 |
| Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) 111 | 1. 21 item, self-reported Likert’s scale 2 .It has excellent internal consistency in clinical (0.91) and nonclinical sample (0.91) and a good test–retest reliability in clinical (0.66) and non-clinical (0.65) 112 |
Belli et al (2013) 7 |
| Personality disorders | ||
| Tri dimensional personality questionnaire (TPQ) 113 | 1. 100-item, self-administered instrument. 2. It measures three dimensions, namely, novelty seeking (NS), harm avoidance (HA), and reward dependence (RD) |
Pavan et al (2017)
104
Pavan et al (2013) 17 |
| Neuroticism-extraversion-openness five-factor inventory (NEO-FFI) 114 | 1. Shorter version of the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised 2. It consists of five basic personality factors, neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness |
Golshani et al (2016)
79
Pavan et al (2013) 17 |
| Eating disorders | ||
| Eating disorder inventory (EDI) 115 | 1. Self-report questionnaire widely used both to assess psychological features and symptoms of eating disorders. 2. It comprises of three subscales, i.e., drive for thinness, bulimia, and body dissatisfaction |
Saariniemi et al (2012) 13 |
| Binge eating scale 116 | 1. Self rated questionnaire comprising of 16 items: eight items that describe behavioral manifestations and eight items associated with feelings and cognitions 117 | Pavan et al (2017) 104 |