Table II.
Characteristics associated with all-cause 30-day mortality of 150 inpatient carbapenemase-producing organism (CPO) cases
| Characteristics | Survivor (%)a (N=127) | Non-survivor (%)a (N=23) | Univariate |
Multi-variate |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P-value | aOR (95% CI) | P-value | |||
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 62 (49.5–74) | 71 (61–78) | 1.04 (1.00–1.07) | 0.024 | ||
| Age >60 years | 69 (54.33) | 18 (78.26) | 3.03 (1.06–8.65) | 0.039 | 3.36 (1.06–10.63) | 0.033 |
| Gender, male | 73 (57.48) | 12 (52.17) | 0.81 (0.33–1.97) | 0.637 | ||
| Microbiological characteristics | ||||||
| Organism family, non-fermenter | 21 (16.54) | 10 (43.48) | 3.88 (1.50–10.02) | 0.005 | 4.88 (1.64–14.47) | 0.005 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Certain infectious and parasitic diseases | 57 (44.88) | 8 (34.78) | 0.65 (0.26–1.65) | 0.371 | ||
| Sepsis | 11 (8.66) | 6 (26.09) | 3.72 (1.22–11.38) | 0.021 | ||
| Co-presence with other pathogens | 20 (15.75) | 1 (4.35) | 0.24 (0.03–1.91) | 0.179 | ||
| Neoplasms and diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs | 37 (29.13) | 10 (43.48) | 1.87 (0.75–4.64) | 0.177 | ||
| Malignancy | 24 (18.90) | 9 (39.13) | 2.76 (1.07–7.12) | 0.036 | 1.57 (0.49–5.09) | 0.081 |
| Solid | 8 (6.30) | 3 (13.04) | 2.23 (0.55–9.13) | 0.264 | ||
| Haematologic | 16 (12.60) | 6 (26.09) | 2.45 (0.84–7.13) | 0.100 | ||
| Anaemia | 7 (5.51) | 2 (8.70) | 1.63 (0.32–8.40) | 0.558 | ||
| Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | 31 (24.41) | 5 (21.74) | 0.86 (0.29–2.51) | 0.783 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 20 (15.75) | 0 (0.00) | – | 0.044b | ||
| With complications | 8 (6.30) | 0 (0.00) | – | 0.609b | ||
| Diseases of the circulatory system | 38 (29.92) | 5 (21.74) | 0.65 (0.23–1.88) | 0.427 | ||
| Heart failure | 3 (2.36) | 0 (0.00) | – | 1.000b | ||
| Diseases of the respiratory system | 35 (27.56) | 11 (47.83) | 2.41 (0.97–5.96) | 0.057 | ||
| Respiratory tract infection | 21 (16.54) | 8 (34.78) | 2.69 (1.01–7.15) | 0.047 | 1.41 (0.49–4.04) | 0.185 |
| Respiratory failure | 2 (1.57) | 2 (8.70) | 5.95 (0.79–44.59) | 0.083 | 2.12 (0.21–20.96) | 0.169 |
| Diseases of the digestive system | 17 (13.39) | 3 (13.04) | 0.97 (0.26–3.62) | 0.965 | ||
| Diseases of the genitourinary system | 35 (27.56) | 8 (34.78) | 1.40 (0.55–3.60) | 0.482 | ||
| Urinary tract infection | 18 (14.17) | 4 (17.39) | 1.27 (0.39–4.18) | 0.689 | ||
| Renal failure | 15 (11.81) | 4 (17.39) | 1.57 (0.47–5.25) | 0.462 | ||
| Diseases of the nervous system | 19 (14.96) | 0 (0.00) | – | 0.046b | ||
| Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue | 11 (8.66) | 3 (13.04) | 1.58 (0.41–6.18) | 0.509 | ||
| Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | 17 (13.39) | 0 (0.00) | – | 0.076b | ||
| External causes of morbidity | 44 (34.65) | 4 (17.39) | 0.40 (0.13–1.24) | 0.112 | ||
| Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes | 40 (31.50) | 4 (17.39) | 0.46 (0.15–1.43) | 0.180 | ||
| Systemic infection or organ failure | 24 (18.90) | 11 (47.83) | 3.93 (1.55–9.98) | 0.004 | 4.21 (1.38–12.81) | 0.032 |
| Immunocompromised status | 29 (22.83) | 9 (39.13) | 2.17 (0.85–5.53) | 0.104 | ||
| Healthcare exposure | ||||||
| Emergency admission | 98 (77.17) | 20 (86.96) | 1.97 (0.55–7.11) | 0.299 | ||
| Admission from healthcare facilities | 13 (10.24) | 3 (13.04) | 1.32 (0.34–5.04) | 0.689 | ||
| Surgical specialty | 60 (47.24) | 9 (39.13) | 0.72 (0.29–1.78) | 0.474 | ||
| TAR (days), median (IQR) | 5 (1–25.5) | 13 (2–20.5) | 1.01 (0.98–1.03) | 0.593 | ||
| HDU stay | 47 (37.01) | 8 (34.78) | 0.91 (0.36–2.30) | 0.839 | ||
| Duration of HDU stay (days), median (IQR) | 0 (0–2.5) | 0 (0–2.5) | 1.01 (0.97–1.06) | 0.523 | ||
| ICU stay | 33 (25.98) | 9 (39.13) | 1.83 (0.72–4.63) | 0.201 | ||
| Duration of ICU stay (days), median (IQR) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0.5) | 1.02 (0.94–1.11) | 0.636 | ||
| Hospitalization | 53 (41.73) | 11 (47.83) | 1.28 (0.53–3.12) | 0.587 | ||
| Duration of hospitalization (days), median (IQR) | 17 (1–39) | 18 (9–38) | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 0.799 | ||
| Hospital transfer | 23 (18.11) | 4 (17.39) | 0.95 (0.30–3.06) | 0.934 | ||
| Ward transfer | 65 (51.18) | 15 (65.22) | 1.79 (0.71–4.51) | 0.218 | ||
| Invasive procedures | ||||||
| Any | 52 (40.94) | 12 (52.17) | 1.57 (0.65–3.84) | 0.319 | ||
| Centesis | 7 (5.51) | 3 (13.04) | 2.57 (0.61–10.78) | 0.196 | ||
| Ectomy | 15 (11.81) | 3 (13.04) | 1.12 (0.30–4.23) | 0.867 | ||
| Transplantation | 4 (3.15) | 0 (0.00) | – | 1.000b | ||
| Catheterization | 15 (11.81) | 2 (8.70) | 0.71 (0.15–3.34) | 0.666 | ||
| Urinary catheter | 3 (2.36) | 1 (4.35) | 1.88 (0.19–18.89) | 0.592 | ||
| CVC | 12 (9.45) | 2 (8.70) | 0.91 (0.19–4.38) | 0.909 | ||
| Dialysis or drainage | 6 (4.72) | 1 (4.35) | 0.92 (0.11–7.99) | 0.937 | ||
| Endoscopic operation | 8 (6.30) | 3 (13.04) | 2.23 (0.55–9.13) | 0.264 | ||
| Invasive ventilation | 6 (4.72) | 2 (8.70) | 1.92 (0.36–10.16) | 0.443 | ||
| Other surgical procedures | 17 (13.39) | 3 (13.04) | 0.97 (0.26–3.62) | 0.965 | ||
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CPO, carbapenemase-producing organisms; IQR, interquartile range; ICU, intensive care unit; HDU, high dependency unit; TAR, time at risk; CVC, central venous catheter; –, not applicable.
a
Number of survivors/non-survivors with the characteristic (percentage of survivors/non-survivors with the characteristic among all the survivors/non-survivors investigated), unless stated otherwise.
b
Fisher's exact test.