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. 2021 Apr 9;11:7825. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87153-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Top; Morphological analysis of hTERT-MSCs. Untreated cells (a), hTERT-MSCs-IFN-γ (250 U/ml) (b), hTERT-MSCs-poly(I:C) (20 µg/ml) (c), hTERT-MSCs-GFP (d), and hTERT-MSCs-co-transduced with IDO1, PTGS2 and TGF-β1 viral particles (e) upon reaching confluency (light microscope, Olympus, Japan, scale bars represent 500 µm). Bottom; Osteogenic differentiation of hTERT-MSCs. Untreated/unprimed hTERT-MSCs (a) or primed with differentiation inductive medium (b) were considered as controls. Cells primed in the permanent presence of IFN-γ (250 U/ml) (c), or poly(I:C) (20 µg/ml) (d), and following transduction with control GFP (e) or co-transduction with IDO1, PTGS2 and TGF-β1 viral particles (f) are shown. Alizarin red S staining is applied for detection of calcification after 21 days of induction (fluorescent microscope, Olympus, Japan, scale bars represent 200 µm).