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. 2021 Apr 9;11:7825. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87153-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Top; Atomic force microscopy. (a–c) represent amplitude images obtained for untreated cells, hTERT-MSCs-IFN-γ (250 U/ml), and hTERT-MSCs-poly(I:C) (20 µg/ml) in scan size range of 3 µm. (d–g) represent amplitude images obtained for (hTERT-MSCs)-GFP, -IDO1, -PTGS2 and -TGF-β1, respectively. Three different scan size ranges including 3, 5 and 10 µm were applied for the AFM studies. Image processing and analysis were performed by Imager version 1.00 AraResearch Co. Bottom; Electron micrographs from three hTERT-MSCs-GFP derived EV samples (a–c) using transmission electron microscopy (Leo 912ab, Zeiss, Germany, 120 kV, Tungsten filament, holy carbon film grid). As demonstrated the vesicle-like particles of different sizes (50–200 nm) as well as lipid bilayer membranes of intact spherical EVs are prominent. (d–f) Transmission electron micrographs obtained from PEG-concentrated ultracentrifuge supernatants (20-fold) of the untreated hTERT-MSCs.