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. 2021 Apr 9;11:7838. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87476-5

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© This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Study design. All animals underwent baseline behavioral testing and were randomly assigned to either SCI or sham groups. Spinal reflex excitability (EMG) and locomotor behavior was tested one-week post SCI or Sham prior to intramuscular injection of AAV9CMVCre into the left hindlimb soleus and gastrocnemius muscles. To assess the effect of conditional Rac1 KO (SCI Rac1−/−), locomotor behavior and spinal reflex testing was conducted after AAV9CMVCre injection at four weeks post-SCI. After completion of EMG and behavioral testing, tissue samples were collected for histology and dendritic spine analysis.