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. 2021 Apr 9;11:7838. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87476-5

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© This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Enhanced H-reflex response 1-week after SCI. To confirm the development of hyperreflexia after SCI, we measured the H-reflex response using a paired-pulse paradigm (stimulating interpulse intervals 5–2000 ms). (A, B) % H-reflex and % M-wave are normalized values of the test pulse compared to the control pulse. (A) In Sham animals, shorter interpulse intervals are associated with less %H-reflex, demonstrating RDD. After SCI there was significant increase in the %H-reflex at 10, 50, 100 and 2000 ms interpulse intervals (* = p < 0.05). (B) There was no significant difference in %M-wave response between Sham and SCI. (C) H/M ratio was calculated by comparing peak amplitude of the test pulse evoked H- and M-wave response. H/M ratio in Sham produced a greater linear regression slope as compared to SCI, e.g., shallow slope. (D) SCI significantly increased the H/M ratio at 10 and 100 ms compared to Sham (* = p < 0.05). Graphs are mean ± SEM.