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. 2021 Apr 9;12:2138. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-22459-8

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© The Author(s) 2021, corrected publication 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Structural equation models (SEMs) used to evaluate the effects of climate (PCA_temp1 and PCA_temp2), initial aboveground carbon stock in each plot (AGC1; Mg C ha⁻¹), thermophilization rate (TR; °C y⁻¹), symbiotic root associations (SRA = ln(AM/EcM)), the standardized effect size of the phylogenetic diversity (PDz), and the size-dependent probability of mortality (β) on aboveground carbon dynamics. AGC_change = aboveground carbon net change (Mg C ha⁻¹ y⁻¹) (a). AGC_productivity = aboveground carbon productivity (Mg C ha⁻¹ y⁻¹) (b). AGC_mortality = aboveground carbon mortality (Mg C ha⁻¹ y⁻¹) (c). Red arrows indicate negative relationships and black arrows indicate positive relationships. Grey arrows represent significant (P ≤ 0.05) relationships in the IT models (Supplementary Table 7), but not in the SEM models. The values over the arrows are the associated linear coefficients of the explanatory variables found to be significant. R² = Coefficient of determination of the overall model.