Table 1.
Cohort size, follow-up duration, incidence rate, and the absolute risk difference between the third-generation beta-blockers and atenolol (Propensity score matching, on-treatment)
| Target drug | Outcome / database | Patients, n* | Follow-up duration, PYs (year per person) | Incidence rate, /1000 PYs | ARD,/1000 PYs | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Target drug | Atenolol | Target drug | Atenolol | Target drug | Atenolol | |||
| Carvedilol | Acute myocardial infarction | |||||||
| CCAE | 14,003 | 87,844 | 8,658 (0.6) | 69,057 (0.8) | 5.2 | 3.2 | 2.0 | |
| Optum† | 11,981 | 80,622 | 8,596 (0.7) | 69,535 (0.9) | 14.1 | 6.8 | 7.3 | |
| PanTher | 22,246 | 92,3 32 | 8,016 (0.4) | 35,031 (0.4) | 8.6 | 4.0 | 4.6 | |
| Stroke | ||||||||
| CCAE | 14,191 | 87,900 | 8,857 (0.6) | 69,183 (0.8) | 4.0 | 2.6 | 1.4 | |
| Optum† | 12,134 | 80,630 | 8,789 (0.7) | 69,368 (0.9) | 12.4 | 7.9 | 4.5 | |
| PanTher | 22,286 | 92,142 | 8,004 (0.4) | 34,953 (0.4) | 9.4 | 5.2 | 4.2 | |
| Hospitalization for heart failure | ||||||||
| CCAE | 14,198 | 88,242 | 8,846 (0.6) | 69,504 (0.8) | 12.7 | 2.8 | 9.9 | |
| Optum† | 11,915 | 80,624 | 8,496 (0.7) | 69,388 (0.9) | 35.5 | 11.1 | 24.4 | |
| PanTher | 22,135 | 92,209 | 7,874 (0.4) | 34,924 (0.4) | 32.5 | 8.2 | 24.3 | |
| Nebivolol | Acute myocardial infarction | |||||||
| CCAE | 22,314 | 49,736 | 14,639 (0.7) | 33,252 (0.7) | 2.5 | 2.9 | 0.4 | |
| Optum | 11,579 | 35,527 | 7,896 (0.7) | 27,286 (0.8) | 2.0 | 5.9 | 3.9 | |
| PanTher | 17,270 | 86,235 | 2,322 (0.1) | 33,054 (0.4) | 6.0 | 3.8 | 2.2 | |
| Stroke | ||||||||
| CCAE | 22,270 | 49,674 | 14,605 (0.7) | 33,205 (0.7) | 3.0 | 3.0 | 0.0 | |
| Optum | 11,560 | 35,311 | 7,870 (0.7) | 26,972 (0.8) | 5.5 | 9.1 | −3.7 | |
| PanTher | 17,279 | 86,252 | 2,320 (0.1) | 33,048 (0.4) | 6.0 | 5.2 | 0.8 | |
| Hospitalization for heart failure | ||||||||
| CCAE | 22,357 | 49,878 | 14,699 (0.7) | 33,401 (0.7) | 1.4 | 2.8 | −1.4 | |
| Optum | 11,574 | 35,470 | 7,891 (0.7) | 27,136 (0.8) | 5.5 | 11.2 | −5.7 | |
| PanTher | 17,268 | 86,307 | 2,322 (0.1) | 33,014 (0.4) | 11.2 | 7.9 | 3.3 | |
*
Number of patients exposed varies by outcome owing to differences in whether databases had hospitalization information and outcome-specific preexposure exclusions.
†
The results from Optum comparing carvedilol and atenolol were not included in the meta-analysis owing to lack of empirical equipoise
Abbreviations: PY, person-year; ARD, absolute rate difference; CCAE, Truven MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters; Optum, Optum ClinFormatics; PanTher, Optum de-identified Electronic Health Record Dataset