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. 2021 Apr 9;12:2119. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-22307-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a–e (6,5) SWNTs functionalized with 2-iodoaniline in the dark. a Integrated E₁₁*⁻/E₁₁ emission ratio vs. reaction time with linear fit. b Absorption spectra of functionalized (6,5) SWNTs normalized to E₁₁ transition, showing phonon sideband (PSB, ~860 nm) and E₁₁*⁻ absorption band (~1247 nm) increasing with reaction time. It is noteworthy that a broadening of the E₁₁*⁻ defect absorption band may occur due to a scattering background caused by increasing aggregation of SWNTs at very high defect densities. c Integrated E₁₁*⁻/E₁₁ emission vs. E₁₁*⁻/E₁₁ absorbance ratio with linear fit. d Photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of functionalized SWNTs (total and separated into spectral shares of E₁₁*⁻ and E₁₁) vs. integrated Raman D/G⁺ ratios as metric for defect density (lines are guides to the eye). e Normalized intensity of E₁₁*⁻ (red) and E₁₁ (black) emission vs. pulse energy density, indicating faster saturation of defect state than band-edge exciton emission. f PL lifetime (τ_long, τ_short) vs. optical trap depth for E₁₁* and E₁₁*⁻ defects created by functionalization of (6,5) SWNTs with 2-iodoaniline (orange), 2-bromoaniline (black), and 5-fluoro-2-iodoaniline (green).