Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Apr 9;11:7831. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87578-0

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Schematic illustration of the electrophysiological cell model. Electrical schematics representing current, pump, and ion exchanger from Ten Tusscher et al., emulating cell membrane for ion transport and sarcoplasmic reticulum within cardiac cells. “I” represents the ion currents, and “E” the equilibrium potential of each ion; I_Na, Na⁺ current; I_Ki, inward rectifier K⁺ current; I_to, transient outward K⁺ current; I_Kr, rapid delayed rectifier K⁺ current; I_Ks, slow delayed rectifier K⁺ current; I_{Ca, L}, L-type inward Ca²⁺ current; I_Na,Ca, Na⁺–Ca²⁺ exchange current; I_{Na, K}, Na⁺–K⁺ exchange current; I_{p, K}, K⁺ pump current; I_{p, Ca}, Ca²⁺ pump current; I_{Ca, b}, background Ca²⁺ current; I_{Na, b}, background Na⁺ current; E_K, equilibrium potential of K⁺; E_Ca, equilibrium potential of Ca²⁺; E_Na, equilibrium potential of Na⁺; I_leak, leakage Ca²⁺ current of junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (JSR); I_rel, released Ca²⁺ current from JSR; I_up, absorbed Ca²⁺ current to network sarcoplasmic reticulum (NSR); I_xfer, diffusible Ca²⁺ current between dyadic subspace and bulk cytoplasm.