Table 2.
Symptoms of CHIKV during pregnancy versus outside of pregnancy
| Symptom | CHIKV infection during pregnancy (n = 150) by trimester of infection |
CHIKV infection outside of pregnancy (n = 131) |
P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st (n = 52) | 2nd (n = 47) | 3rd (n = 42) | |||
| Joint pain* | 52 (100) | 47 (100) | 42 (100) | 131 (100) | 1 |
| Fever* | 39 (75) | 32 (68) | 32 (76) | 98 (75) | 0.795 |
| Muscle pain* | 23 (44) | 15 (32) | 19 (45) | 22 (17) | <0.001 |
| Rash* | 28 (54) | 30 (64) | 17 (41) | 64 (49) | 0.147 |
| Chills | 16 (31) | 10 (21) | 12 (29) | 25 (19) | 0.296 |
| General body ache | 20 (39) | 18 (38) | 13 (31) | 75 (57) | 0.005 |
| Bone pain | 5 (10) | 5 (11) | 5 (12) | 4 (3) | 0.057 |
| Headache | 25 (48) | 18 (38) | 18 (43) | 57 (44) | 0.809 |
| Retro-orbital pain | 12 (23) | 4 (9) | 3 (7) | 10 (8) | 0.029 |
| Vomiting | 8 (15) | 7 (15) | 6 (14) | 4 (3) | 0.003 |
| Mean duration of joint pain (SD) (days) | 935 (223) | 931 (85) | 816 (141) | 1064 (244) | <0.0001 |
Bold values indicated P < 0.05
SD, standard deviation.
Values are frequency (%) or mean (± SD).
*
We required that participants fulfill the case definition of CHIKV infection; this required all participants to report joint pain along with one of the following symptoms: fever, muscle pain and rash. Bonferroni-adjusted P-value = 0.005 cutoff adjusting alpha of 5% for n = 9 tests. Pairwise Chi-square test found insignificant inter-group differences at P-value threshold of 0.005.