Table 2.
Associations between Rest-Activity Rhythms and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers
| Rest-Activity Rhythm Parameter | Cardiometabolic Biomarker | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | ||
| Interdaily Stability | BMI, kg/m2 | −0.38 (−1.07, 0.31) | −0.16 (−0.85, 0.53) | −0.34 (−1.07, 0.40) |
| Body Fat, % | −1.48 (−2.95, −0.03)* | −1.24 (−2.75, 0.28) | −1.19 (−2.71, 0.32) | |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | −1.02 (−3.04, 1.00) | −1.10 (−3.25, 1.04) | −0.59 (−2.71, 1.52) | |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | −0.45 (−2.36, 1.46) | −0.46 (−2.43, 1.51) | −0.04 (−2.03, 1.95) | |
| Total-C, mg/dL | −10.39 (−17.42, −3.37)† | −11.41 (−18.77, −4.06)† | −10.23 (−17.71, −2.75)† | |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | −7.21 (−13.44, −0.98)* | −7.91 (−14.53, −1.29)* | −6.43 (−13.04, 0.19) | |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | −1.94 (−5.55, 1.66) | −2.34 (−6.25, 1.58) | −2.78 (−6.50, 0.95) | |
| Non-HDL-C, mg/dL | −8.45 (−15.05, −1.85)* | −9.08 (−16.19, −1.96)* | −7.45 (−14.44, −0.47)* | |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | −9.38 (−17.61, −1.16)* | −9.04 (−17.71, −0.37)* | −7.66 (−16.28, 0.97) | |
| Glucose, mg/dL | −0.62 (−2.49, 1.25) | −0.85 (−2.88, 1.18) | −0.49 (−2.49, 1.51) | |
| CRP, mg/L | −0.22 (−0.47, 0.02) | −0.21 (−0.47, 0.04) | −0.25 (−5.14, 0.02) | |
| Intradaily Variability | BMI, kg/m2 | 0.17 (−0.53, 0.88) | −0.17 (−0.87, 0.53) | 0.20 (−0.55, 0.96) |
| Body Fat, % | 0.41 (−1.13, 1.95) | −0.33 (−1.92, 1.26) | 0.58 (−1.00, 2.15) | |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 0.06 (−2.02, 2.13) | 0.03 (−2.18, 2.25) | 0.07 (−2.09, 2.23) | |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 0.06 (−1.88, 2.00) | −0.34 (−2.36, 1.67) | 0.13 (−1.89, 2.16) | |
| Total-C, mg/dL | 7.45 (−0.06, 14.97) | 7.53 (−0.51, 13.16) | 8.57 (0.71, 16.43)* | |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 4.36 (−2.25, 10.96) | 4.03 (−3.10, 11.17) | 4.62 (−2.30, 11.53) | |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 1.97 (−1.72, 5.66) | 2.44 (−1.57, 6.46) | 2.87 (−0.94, 6.68) | |
| Non-HDL-C, mg/dL | 5.49 (−1.54, 12.51) | 5.09 (−2.60, 12.77) | 5.71 (−1.60, 13.01) | |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 7.51 (−1.09, 16.10) | 7.59 (−1.46, 16.65) | 7.76 (−1.07, 16.59) | |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 0.48 (−1.44, 2.40) | 0.45 (−1.64, 2.55) | 0.43 (−1.61, 2.48) | |
| CRP, mg/L | 0.30 (0.05, 0.56)* | 0.31 (0.04, 0.58)* | 0.38 (0.10, 0.66)† | |
| Relative Amplitude | BMI, kg/m2 | −0.69 (−1.35, −0.02)* | −0.28 (−1.03, 0.46) | −0.67 (−1.37, 0.03) |
| Body Fat, % | −1.63 (−3.07, −0.19)* | −1.49 (−3.13, 0.15) | −1.44 (−2.90, 0.02) | |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | −1.75 (−3.72, 0.22) | −2.01 (−4.29, 0.28) | −1.49 (−3.52, 0.54) | |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | −0.69 (−2.59, 1.20) | −1.59 (−3.69, 0.51) | −0.43 (−2.37, 1.51) | |
| Total-C, mg/dL | −6.57 (−13.92, 0.77) | −8.40 (−16.89, 0.09) | −6.23 (−13.88, 1.42) | |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | −6.52 (−12.77, −0.27)* | −8.19 (−15.45, −0.94)* | −5.86 (−12.34, 0.63) | |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 0.60 (−3.02, 4.22) | 0.63 (−3.70, 4.95) | 0.07 (−3.66, 3.79) | |
| Non-HDL-C, mg/dL | −7.17 (−13.84, −0.49)* | −9.02 (−16.87, −1.18)* | −6.29 (−13.19, 0.60) | |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | −4.93 (−13.42, 3.55) | −6.68 (−16.38, 3.01) | −3.36 (−12.00, 0.60) | |
| Glucose, mg/dL | −0.03 (−1.90, 1.85) | 0.48 (−1.75, 2.70) | 0.11 (−1.84, 2.07) | |
| CRP, mg/L | −0.13 (−0.36, 0.10) | −0.12 (−0.40, 0.16) | −0.14 (−0.38, 0.11) | |
| Autocorrelation at 24h | BMI, kg/m2 | −0.24 (−0.93, 0.45) | 0.00 (−0.69, 0.69) | −0.21 (−0.95, 0.53) |
| Body Fat, % | −0.89 (−2.38, 0.60) | −0.48 (−2.03, 1.08) | −0.69 (−2.23, 0.85) | |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | −0.76 (−2.78, 1.26) | −0.81 (−2.97, 1.35) | −0.42 (−2.54, 1.70) | |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | −0.84 (−2.73, 1.04) | −0.49 (−2.46, 1.48) | −0.60 (−2.58, 1.39) | |
| Total-C, mg/dL | −8.61 (−15.78, −1.63)* | −8.27 (−15.99, −0.54)* | −8.81 (−16.43, −1.18)* | |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | −5.96 (−12.26, 0.34) | −5.45 (−12.29, 1.39) | −5.34 (−12.03, 1.35) | |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | −1.60 (−5.19, 2.00) | −1.77 (−5.70, 2.17) | −2.64 (−6.37, 1.09) | |
| Non-HDL-C, mg/dL | −7.01 (−13.70, −0.32)* | −6.50 (−13.86, 0.86) | −6.16 (−13.25, 0.92) | |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | −7.26 (−15.61, 1.09) | −7.89 (−16.65, 0.86) | −5.71 (−14.5, 3.03) | |
| Glucose, mg/dL | −0.26 (−2.72, 1.61) | −0.49 (−2.53, 1.54) | −0.09 (−2.09, 1.91) | |
| CRP, mg/L | −0.24 (−0.48, 0.00)* | −0.25 (−0.50, 0.00)* | −0.29 (−0.55, −0.02)* |
Results are presented as unstandardized β values and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for every 1-SD increase in each rest-activity rhythm parameter. Model 1 adjusts for sex; Model 2 adjusts for sex, MVPA, and sleep duration. Model 3 adjusts for sex, alcohol, and caffeine consumption.
*
p≤0.05
†
p≤0.01. BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; C, cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; CRP, C-reactive protein