Table 1.
A list of clinical and pre-clinical diagnostic approaches in patients with PDAC
| Methods | Evidence | Sensitivity | Specificity | References | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imaging modalities | Endoscopic Ultrasound | Clinical (stage T1-T2) | 72% | 90% | [167] | ||
| Clinical (stage T3-T4) | 90% | 72% | |||||
| Multi-detector CT | Clinical | 76–92% | 67% | [168–171] | |||
| MRI | Clinical | 78–100% | 72–99% | [172–174] | |||
| Molecular Imaging | Clinical | 87–89% | 70% | [175] | |||
| Tumor marker | CA19-9 | Clinical | 78.2% | 82.8% | [176] | ||
| Mutational markers | TP53, SMAD4, PIK3CA, PTEN, AKT1, MUC3, MUC4 | Clinical | 32–79% 76–89% |
96–100% 96–100% |
[177–187] | ||
| ncRNA markers | miRNAs | miR-21 | Pre-clinical | 67–96% | 61–100% | [64, 188–191] | |
| miR-155 | Pre-clinical | 53–93% | 73–100% | [64, 190, 192] | |||
| miR-196a | Pre-clinical | 43–100% | 84–90% | [64, 87] | |||
| miR-196b | Pre-clinical | 78–100% | 78–100% | [64, 87] | |||
| lncRNAs | HOTAIR | Pre-clinical | 78–80% | 86–90% | [193] | ||
| PVT1 | Pre-clinical | 69–96% | 64–95% | [193] | |||
| MALAT1 | Pre-clinical | 66% | 72% | [139] | |||