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. 2021 Apr 10;178(3):571–595. doi: 10.1007/s10551-021-04800-9

Table 2.

Summary statistics of the variables used in our models

Full sample Developing country Developed country Difference in means
Obs Mean Median St.Dev Obs Mean Obs Mean t-test
Number of species 599 2.863 0.000 21.552 177 3.458 422 2.614 0.844
Buying assurance 599 0.679 1.000 0.467 177 0.599 422 0.714  − 0.115**
Environment score 599 0.065 0.000 0.250 177 0.170 422 0.021 0.148***
Green 599 0.658 1.000 0.475 177 0.588 422 0.687  − 0.100**
Environment award 599 0.199 0.000 0.399 177 0.186 422 0.204  − 0.018
Presence of partnership 599 0.237 0.000 0.425 177 0.147 422 0.275  − 0.128***
Big 4 599 0.391 0.000 0.488 177 0.367 422 0.401  − 0.033
Firm size 590 12.494 11.809 2.512 171 13.276 419 12.175 1.101***
Log (revenue) 593 11.346 11.234 0.545 174 11.276 419 11.375  − 0.099**
Leverage 596 6840.108 0.383 167,000 174 16.66 422 9653.568  − 9636.907
Governance 599 0.839 1.232 0.785 177  − 0.246 422 1.294  − 1.540***
CO2 emission 400 10.426 9.200 4.645 116 7.545 284 11.602  − 4.058***
Log (forest area) 596 13.322 14.527 2.014 174 14.100 422 13.002 1.098***
GDP growth 596 2.820 2.200 2.528 174 5.681 422 1.641 4.040***
Inflation 596 1.552 1.400 1.504 174 2.344 422 1.226 1.118***