Table 5.
Comparisons between dietary behaviours relative to the MedDiet pattern by region during the COVID-19 Kosovo lockdown.
| Total |
Ferizaj |
Gjakova |
Gjilan |
Mitrovica |
Peja |
Pristina |
Prizren |
p-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (689) | 75 (10.9) | 37 (5.4) | 38 (5.5) | 29 (4.2) | 776 (11) | 391 (56.8) | 43 (6.2) | |||
| Olive oil for cooking | 0.018 | |||||||||
| Yes | 361 (52) | 32 (43) | 19 (51) | 23 (61) | 16 (55) | 28 (37) | 223 (57) | 20 (47) | ||
| No | 328 (48) | 43 (57) | 18 (49) | 15 (39) | 13 (45) | 48 (63) | 168 (43) | 23 (53) | ||
| Olive oil (tablespoons/d) | 0.243 | |||||||||
| >4 | 169 (25) | 13 (17) | 6 (16) | 12 (32) | 8 (28) | 18 (24) | 106 (27) | 6 (13) | ||
| 2–3.9 | 242 (35) | 27 (36) | 12 (32) | 9 (24) | 10 (34) | 22 (28) | 145 (37) | 17 (40) | ||
| 0–1.9 | 278 (40) | 35 (47) | 19 (52) | 17 (44) | 11 (38) | 36 (47) | 140 (36) | 20 (47) | ||
| Vegetables (servings/d) | 0.289 | |||||||||
| >2 | 222 (32) | 30 (40) | 14 (38) | 8 (21) | 9 (31) | 27 (36) | 120 (31) | 14 (33) | ||
| 1–1.9 | 354 (51) | 35 (47) | 18 (49) | 17 (45) | 14 (48) | 37 (48) | 212 (54) | 21 (49) | ||
| 0–0.9 | 113 (17) | 10 (13) | 5 (14) | 13 (34) | 6 (21) | 12 (16) | 59 (15) | 8 (18) | ||
| Fruits (units/d) | 0.346 | |||||||||
| >3 | 211 (31) | 15 (20) | 13 (35) | 12 (32) | 11 (38) | 24 (32) | 127 (32) | 9 (21) | ||
| 1–2.9 | 356 (52) | 46 (61) | 19 (51) | 22 (58) | 16 (55) | 36 (47) | 190 (49) | 27 (63) | ||
| 0–0.9 | 122 (17) | 14 (19) | 5 (14) | 4 (10) | 2 (7) | 16 (21) | 74 (19) | 7 (16) | ||
| Red meat (servings/d) | 0.487 | |||||||||
| >1 | 248 (36) | 24 (32) | 19 (51) | 12 (34) | 11 (38) | 29 (38) | 140 (36) | 13 (30) | ||
| 0–0.9 | 441 (64) | 51 (68) | 18 (49) | 26 (68) | 18 (62) | 47 (62) | 251 (64) | 30 (70) | ||
| Fats (servings/d) | 0.201 | |||||||||
| >1 | 146 (21) | 14 (19) | 14 (38) | 5 (13) | 6 (21) | 16 (21) | 84 (21) | 7 (16) | ||
| 0–0.9 | 543 (79) | 61 (81) | 23 (62) | 33 (87) | 23 (79) | 60 (79) | 307 (79) | 36 (84) | ||
| Sweet beverages (servings/d) | 0.074 | |||||||||
| >1 | 244 (35) | 27 (36) | 13 (35) | 11 (29) | 14 (48) | 38 (50) | 127 (32) | 14 (33) | ||
| 0–0.9 | 445 (65) | 48 (64) | 24 (65) | 27 (71) | 15 (52) | 38 (50) | 264 (68) | 29 (67) | ||
| Wine (glasses/d) | 0.072 | |||||||||
| 0 | 509 (74) | 61 (81) | 31 (84) | 28 (74) | 26 (90) | 47 (62) | 283 (71) | 33 (77) | ||
| >7 | 9 (1) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (4) | 4 (1) | 1 (2) | ||
| 3–6.9 | 20(3) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 1(3) | 2 (7) | 1 (1) | 15 (4) | 0 (0) | ||
| 0–2.9 | 151 (22) | 13 (18) | 5 (13) | 9 (23) | 1 (3) | 25 (33) | 89 (23) | 9 (21) | ||
| Legumes (servings/w) | 0.701 | |||||||||
| >3 | 74 (10) | 10 (13) | 1 (3) | 6 (16) | 4 (14) | 9 (12) | 37 (8) | 7 (16) | ||
| 1–2.9 | 294 (43) | 33 (44) | 16 (43) | 19 (50) | 12 (41) | 32 (42) | 167 (43) | 15 (35) | ||
| 0–0.9 | 321 (47) | 32 (43) | 20 (54) | 13 (34) | 13 (45) | 35 (46) | 187 (48) | 21 (49) | ||
| Fish (servings/w) | 0.165 | |||||||||
| >3 | 36 (5) | 3 (4) | 1 (3) | 2 (5) | 1 (4) | 7 (9) | 16 (4) | 6 (14) | ||
| 1–2.9 | 252 (37) | 28 (37) | 13 (35) | 15 (39) | 16 (55) | 22 (29) | 144 (37) | 14 (33) | ||
| 0–0.9 | 401 (58) | 44 (59) | 23 (62) | 21 (56) | 12 (41) | 47 (62) | 231 (59) | 23 (53) | ||
| Non-homemade pastries (units/w) | 0.021 | |||||||||
| >2 | 291 (42) | 29 (39) | 18 (49) | 14 (37) | 11 (38) | 47 (62) | 155 (40) | 17 (40) | ||
| 0–1.9 | 398 (58) | 46 (61) | 19 (51) | 24 (63) | 18 (62) | 29 (38) | 236 (60) | 26 (60) | ||
| Nuts (servings/w) | 0.016 | |||||||||
| 3 | 133 (19) | 8 (11) | 4 (11) | 12 (32) | 4 (14) | 20 (26) | 79 (20) | 6 (14) | ||
| 1–2.9 | 245 (36) | 33 (44) | 12 (32) | 13 (34) | 17 (58) | 28 (37) | 130 (33) | 12 (28) | ||
| 0–0.9 | 311 (45) | 34 (45) | 21 (57) | 13 (34) | 8 (28) | 28 (37) | 182 (47) | 25 (58) | ||
| White meat preference | 0.973 | |||||||||
| yes | 540 (78) | 58 (77) | 27 (73) | 29 (76) | 23 (79) | 62 (82) | 307 (79) | 34 (79) | ||
| no | 149 (22) | 17 (23) | 10 (27) | 9 (24) | 6 (21) | 14 (18) | 84 (21) | 9 (21) | ||
| Sofrito3 (servings/w) | 0.109 | |||||||||
| >2 | 350 (51) | 34 (45) | 13 (35) | 19 (50) | 15 (52) | 49 (65) | 202 (52) | 18 (41) | ||
| 1–1.9 | 217 (31) | 30 (40) | 19 (51) | 11 (29) | 8 (28) | 16 (21) | 119 (30) | 14 (33) | ||
| 0–0.9 | 122 (18) | 11 (15) | 5 (14) | 8 (21) | 6 (20) | 11 (14) | 70 (18) | 11 (26) | ||
| Adherence to the MD | ||||||||||
| Low | 339 (49) | 40 (53) | 24 (65) | 16 (42) | 14 (48) | 37 (49) | 184 (47) | 24 (56) | ||
| Medium | 289 (42) | 33 (44) | 13 (35) | 19 (50) | 14 (48) | 36 (47) | 193 (49) | 16 (37) | ||
| High | 61(9) | 2 (3) | 0 (0) | 3 (8) | 1 (3) | 3 (4) | 14 (4) | 3 (7) | ||
Positive answers to MEDAS questionnaire. Compliance rates of at least 50% are indicated in bold. Data are expressed as number and percentage in parenthesis (n %). Differences between the regions groups were evaluated by the Chi-squared test (p < 0.05).