Fig. 2.

PDCoV replication enhances the autophagy process. (A) Immunofluorescence assay verified that UV-inactivated PDCoV was replication defective. (B) LLC-PK1 cells were mock infected or infected with PDCoV and UV-inactivated PDCoV. The expression of LC3-II was analyzed by western blot at 24 hpi. Results were presented as the ratio of LC3-II band intensity to β-actin band intensity. (C) LLC-PK1 cells were transfected with plasmid GFP-LC3 for 24 h, followed by mock infected or infected with PDCoV and UV-inactivated PDCoV. The fluorescence signals were visualized by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy at 24 hpi. Scale bars: 10 μm. Values represent the mean ± SEM for three independent experiments. *P <  0.05; **P <  0.01.