Table 1.
Patients Characteristics and Surgical Outcomes
| All | Mild (GI) | Severe (GII/GIII) | P value (Mild versus Severe) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number (n) | 370 | 282 | 88 | |
| Gender (Male/Female) | 189/181 | 145/137 | 44/44 | 0.8163 |
| Age (years) | 63.0 ± 15.0a | 61.6 ± 14.1 | 68.1 ± 14.9 | 0.0002 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4 ± 3.6 | 24.5 ± 3.6 | 24.1 ± 3.6 | 0.3571 |
| T-Bil (mg/dL) | 1.07 ± 0.92 | 1.0 ± 0.9 | 1.3 ± 0.9 | 0.0106 |
| D-Bil (mg/dL) | 0.5 ± 0.7 | 0.5 ± 0.7 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.0253 |
| AST (IU/L) | 71.0 ± 170.0 | 54.4 ± 105.9 | 124.3 ± 288.4 | 0.0018 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 82.0 ± 170.0 | 70.7 ± 112.9 | 118.2 ± 282.0 | 0.0323 |
| LDH (IU/L) | 222.0 ± 114.0 | 206.4 ± 73.1 | 271.3 ± 185.1 | < 0.0001 |
| ALP (IU/L) | 322.0 ± 206.0 | 303.8 ± 192.0 | 379.1 ± 237.6 | 0.0045 |
| GGT (IU/L) | 154.0 ± 217.0 | 141.6 ± 184.5 | 193.4 ± 295.7 | 0.0617 |
| Alb (g/dL) | 4.2 ± 1.3 | 4.3 ± 1.4 | 3.8 ± 0.8 | < 0.0001 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 15.2 ± 11.0 | 14.6 ± 11.4 | 16.9 ± 9.8 | 0.1147 |
| Cre (mg/dL) | 0.9 ± 1.2 | 0.8 ± 1.1 | 1.0 ± 1.4 | 0.2685 |
| Amy (IU/L) | 106.0 ± 173.0 | 97.7 ± 126.8 | 127.8 ± 257.0 | 0.2681 |
| CRP (mg/dL) | 4.1 ± 7.9 | 1.9 ± 4.9 | 9.1 ± 10.6 | < 0.0001 |
| WBC (/μL) | 7389.0 ± 4177.0 | 6327.5 ± 2527.8 | 10792.3 ± 6165.0 | < 0.0001 |
| Plt (104/μL) | 23.6 ± 7.5 | 24.0 ± 6.8 | 22.6 ± 9.4 | 0.1333 |
| PT-INR (no unit) | 1.04 ± 0.6 | 0.98 ± 0.08 | 1.21 ± 1.1 | < 0.0001 |
| PaO2 (mmHg) | 82.4 ± 16.6 | 83.9 ± 13.5 | 78.6 ± 22.42 | 0.0305 |
| CCI (points) | 3.6 ± 1.9 | 3.4 ± 1.8 | 4.2 ± 2.0 | 0.0309 |
| ASA-PS (n, %) | ||||
| I | 137, 37.0 | 120, 42.6 | 17, 19.3 | < 0.0001 |
| II | 196, 53.0 | 143, 50.7 | 53, 60.2 | |
| III | 37, 10.0 | 19, 6.7 | 18, 20.5 | |
| Operating time (min) | 62.3 ± 23.7 | 60.2 ± 22.3 | 68.8 ± 26.8 | 0.0037 |
| Blood loss (mL) | 24.4 ± 68.6 | 13.3 ± 40.1 | 59.9 ± 114.5 | < 0.0001 |
| Conversion to open (n) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.0000 |
| Conversion to bail-out procedure (n) | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0.3064 |
| Comprehensive complication index | 0.7 ± 0.9 | 0.6 ± 3.9 | 3.3 ± 9.3 | 0.0006 |
| Postoperative complication (n, %) | 22, 5.9 | 13, 4.6 | 9, 10.2 | 0.0002 |
| Mortality (n) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.0000 |
| Postoperative hospital stay (days) | 3.6 ± 3.0 | 3.4 ± 1.7 | 4.4 ± 5.2 | 0.0035 |
a
Continuous data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation.