. 2021 Apr 7;9:e11173. doi: 10.7717/peerj.11173

Table 2. Summary of findings including GRADE quality assessment for comparison between combine formulation of olive leaf extract and placebo.

		No. of participants		Anticipated absolute effects^*
Outcomes	No. of participants (studies)	placebo	combined formulation of 1,000 mg of olive leaf extract per day	MD	95% CI	P-value	Certainty of the evidence (GRADE)	Comments
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	37 (1 RCT)	19	18	0.54 lower	−4.76 to 3.68	0.80	⊕⊕ $○$ $○$ LOW^a^,^b	Risk of bias: not serious Inconsistency: serious^a^,^b indirectness: not serious; imprecision: serious^a;
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	37 (1 RCT)	19	18	0.49 lower	−2.75 to 1.77	0.67	⊕⊕ $○$ $○$ LOW^a^,^b	Risk of bias: not serious Inconsistency: serious^a^,^b; indirectness: not serious; imprecision: serious^a;
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	37 (1 RCT)	19	18	9.66 higher	−2.15 to 21.47	0.11	⊕⊕ $○$ $○$ LOW^a^,^b	Risk of bias: not serious Inconsistency: serious^a^,^b; indirectness: not serious; imprecision: serious^a;
LDL (mg/dl)	37 (1 RCT)	19	18	0	−12.52 to 12.52	1.00	⊕⊕ $○$ $○$ LOW^a^,^b	Risk of bias: not serious Inconsistency: serious^a^,^b; indirectness: not serious; imprecision: serious^a;
HDL (mg/dl)	37 (1 RCT)	19	18	1.16 higher	−1.55 to 3.87	0.40	⊕⊕ $○$ $○$ LOW^a^,^b	Risk of bias: not serious Inconsistency: serious^a^,^b; indirectness: not serious; imprecision: serious^a;
TG (mg/dl)	37 (1 RCT)	19	18	46.87 higher	−0.38 to 94.12	0.05	⊕⊕ $○$ $○$ LOW^a^,^b	Risk of bias: not serious Inconsistency: serious^a^,^b; indirectness: not serious; imprecision: serious^a;
HOMA-IR	37 (1 RCT)	19	18	0.4 higher	0.27 to 0.53	<0.001	⊕⊕ $○$ $○$ LOW^a^,^b	Risk of bias: not serious Inconsistency: serious^a^,^b; indirectness: not serious; imprecision: serious^a;
Fasting blood glucose (mmol/l)	37 (1 RCT)	19	18	0.01 higher	−0.21 to 0.23	<0.93	⊕⊕ $○$ $○$ LOW^a^,^b	Risk of bias: not serious Inconsistency: serious^a^,^b; indirectness: not serious; imprecision: serious^a;
Insulin (µu/ml)	37 (1 RCT)	19	18	1.08 higher	0.56 to 1.6	<0.001	⊕⊕ $○$ $○$ LOW^a^,^b	Risk of bias: not serious Inconsistency: serious^a^,^b; indirectness: not serious; imprecision: serious^a;

Notes.

The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI).

CI: Confidence interval
MD: Mean difference

Explanations

small population

wide CI

GRADE Working Group grades of evidence.

High certainty: We are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect Moderate certainty: We are moderately confident in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different.

Low certainty: Our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: The true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect.

Very low certainty: We have very little confidence in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect.