Table 3.
Adjusted Odds Ratios of Those Recommended Drug Treatments for Their Low Back Pain with Self-Care and Provider-Based Nondrug Therapy (n = 545)
| |
Self-care |
Provider based nondrug therapy |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drug treatments recommended by medical doctor for low back pain in the past 12 months | OR | 95% CI |
OR | 95% CI |
||
| Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | |||
| Opioids | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2.5 | 1.4 | 0.7 | 2.9 |
| Benzodiazepines | 1.4 | 0.5 | 4.1 | 2.1 | 0.9 | 5.0 |
| Gabapentin/Neurontin | 1.3 | 0.5 | 3.4 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 2.0 |
| Cortisone injections | 1.2 | 0.5 | 2.9 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 3.2 |
| Acetaminophen | 2.3 | 1.0 | 5.3 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 2.5 |
| NSAID | 5.0 | 2.2 | 11.6 | 2.5 | 1.3 | 4.8 |
Adjusted for sex, age, race, education, and U.S. region. Self-care includes heat, cold, and yoga/stretching/other exercises. Provider-based nondrug therapy includes massage, acupuncture, spinal manipulation, and physical therapy.