Table 1.
Hospital Characteristics Before and After Payment Increase for Cardiac Rehabilitation
| Hospitals before payment increase n=3,000 n (%) |
Hospitals after payment increase n=2,768 n (%) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| At least 1 cardiac rehab participant | 1,390 (46.3) | 1,341 (48.4) | 0.12 |
| Hospital ownership | 0.23 | ||
| Non-profit | 2,089 (69.6) | 1,949 (70.4) | |
| For-profit | 470 (15.7) | 454 (16.4) | |
| Non-federal government | 441 (14.7) | 365 (13.2) | |
| Bed size | 0.09 | ||
| ≤ 99 | 800 (26.7) | 656 (23.7) | |
| 100–199 | 766 (25.5) | 704 (25.4) | |
| 200–299 | 518 (17.3) | 499 (18.0) | |
| 300–399 | 364 (12.1) | 353 (12.7) | |
| ≥ 400 | 552 (18.4) | 556 (20.1) | |
| Average beds, mean (standard error) | 253 (4.21) | 267 (4.48) | 0.02 |
| Census region | 0.91 | ||
| Northeast | 506 (16.9) | 476 (17.2) | |
| Midwest | 784 (26.1) | 705 (25.5) | |
| South | 1,167 (38.9) | 1,094 (39.5) | |
| West | 543 (18.1) | 493 (17.8) | |
| Part of a hospital system | 1,921 (64.03) | 1,869 (67.5) | <0.01 |
| Rural locale | 929 (31.0) | 746 (26.9) | <0.01 |
| Specialty hospital | 31 (1.0) | 27 (1.0) | 0.83 |
| Teaching hospital | 87 (2.9) | 93 (3.4) | 0.32 |
| Cardiac rehab offered by hospital | 1,779 (59.3) | 1,695 (61.2) | 0.13 |
| Market factors, mean (standard error) | |||
| % hospital Medicare discharges | 38.8 (0.23) | 38.3 (0.23) | 0.12 |
| % uninsured in county | 17.6 (0.10) | 17.2 (0.11) | 0.02 |
| % Medicare Advantage penetration | 22.4 (0.25) | 24.2 (0.26) | <0.01 |
| Herfindahl-Hirschman Index | 0.15 (0.002) | 0.15 (0.002) | 0.30 |