Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Study | Publish or accepted date | Study period | Region | N | Age | Male | Disease severity | Quality score |
| Chen et al. (18) | February 15, 2020 | NA | China | 28 | NA | NA | 12 severe; 16 nonsevere | 4 |
| Chen et al. (19) | March 31, 2020 | January 20, 2020–February 9, 2020 | China | 42 | Median 51 (IQR 43–62) | 15 (35.7%) | 11 severe; 31 nonsevere | 5 |
| Cheung et al. (40) | March 26, 2020 | February 2, 2020 – February 29, 2020 | Hong Kong | 59 | Median 58.5 (IQR 44–68, range 22–96) | 27 (45.8%) | NA | 5 |
| De Ioris et al. (41) | May 23, 2020 | March 16, 2020 – April 8, 2020 | Italy | 22 | Median 84 mo (8 d–210 mo) | 15 (68.2%) | NA | 6 |
| Effenberger et al. (42) | April 13, 2020 | NA | Austria | 40 | Without diarrhea: 58.4 ± 17.1; resolved diarrhea: 66.3 ± 13.1; with diarrhea: 78.3 ± 13.8 | 24 (60%) | NA | 5 |
| Han et al. (30) | March 31, 2020 | February 13, 2020 – February 29, 2020 | China | 22 | 43.3 ± 14.2 | 9 (40.9%) | Nonsevere type | 6 |
| Huang et al. (38) | April 15, 2020 | January 26, 2020–February 25, 2020 | China | 16 | Median 60 (range 26–79) | 13 (81.3%) | Severe type to ICU | 6 |
| Kujawski et al. (20) | April 23, 2020 | January 20, 2020–February 5, 2020 | US | 12 | Median 53 (range 21–68) | 8 (66.7%) | All types | 4 |
| Li et al. (13) | February 17, 2020 | February 11, 2020–February 13, 2020 | China | 15 | NA | NA | NA | 5 |
| Li et al. (31) | April 20, 2020 | January 26, 2020–February 6, 2020 | China | 13 | 52.8 ± 20.2 (range 1–72) | 6 (46.2%) | Nonsevere type | 6 |
| Lin et al. (21) | March 24, 2020 | January 17, 2020–February 15, 2020 | China | 65 | 45.3 ± 18.3 | NA | All types | 6 |
| Ling et al. (43) | May 5, 2020 | January 20, 2020–February 10, 2020 | China | 66 | Median 44 (IQR 34–62, range 16–78) | 38 (57.6%) | NA | 7 |
| Liu et al. (44) | April 14, 2020 | March 15, 2020 | China | 69 | NA | NA | NA | 7 |
| Lo et al. (22) | March 15, 2020 | January 21, 2020–February 16, 2020 | Macau | 10 | Median 54 (IQR 27–64) | 3 (30%) | 6 severe; 4 nonsevere | 7 |
| Ma et al. (32) | March 19, 2020 | NA | China | 27 | NA | NA | Nonsevere type | 3 |
| Tan et al. (33) | April 3, 2020 | January 27, 2020–March 10, 2020 | China | 10 | Mean 7 (range 1–12) | 3 (30%) | Nonsevere type | 7 |
| To et al. (23) | March 23, 2020 | January 22, 2020–February 12, 2020 | Hong Kong | 15 | Median 62 (range 37–75) | NA | 8 severe; 7 nonsevere | 7 |
| Wang et al. (14) | April 21, 2020 | January 24, 2020–February 17, 2020 | China | 50 | 42.6 ± 17.5 | 24 (48%) | NA | 7 |
| Wang et al. (24) | March 11, 2020 | January 1, 2020–February 17, 2020 | China | 16 | NA | NA | All types | 6 |
| Wei et al. (34) | May 25, 2020 | January 19, 2020–February 7, 2020 | China | 84 | Median 37 (range 24–74) | 28 (33%) | Nonsevere type | 7 |
| Wu et al. (15) | February 27, 2020 | NA | China | 36 | 49 (range 17–86) | 22 (61.1%) | 12 severe; 24 nonsevere | 4 |
| Wu et al. (16) | March 31, 2020 | January 31, 2020–February 19, 2020 | China | 19 | Mean 67 (range 51–86) | 10 (52.6%) | 17 severe; 2 critical severe | 6 |
| Wu et al. (25) | March 19, 2020 | January 16, 2020–March 15, 2020 | China | 74 | Stool RNA+ patients: 41.3 ± 3.1; stool RNA− patients: 46.2 ± 2.6 | 39 (52.7%) | 18 severe; 56 nonsevere | 7 |
| Xiao et al. (39) | February 27, 2020 | February 1, 2020–February 14, 2020 | China | 73 | Mean 43 (range 0.8–78 yr) | 41 (56.2%) | 4 ICU | 6 |
| Xu et al. (35) | March 7, 2020 | January 23, 2020–February 18, 2020 | China | 51 | Imported cases: median 35 (IQR 29–51) Secondary cases: median 37 (IQR 24–48) Tertiary cases: median 53 (IQR 35–65) |
25 (49.0%) | Nonsevere type | 7 |
| Xu et al. (36) | April 2020 | By February 20, 2020 | China | 10 | Range: 2 mo–15 yr | 6 (60%) | Nonsevere type | 6 |
| Yuan et al. (45) | May 18, 2020 | January 1, 2020–March 18, 2020 | China | 61 | NA | NA | NA | 8 |
| Zhang et al. (37) | May 15, 2020 | January 17, 2020–January 28, 2020 | China | 22 | NHM group: 43.4 ± 15.9; control group: 40.7 ± 13.3 | 8 (36.4%) | Nonsevere type | 8 |
| Zhang et al. (46) | March 1, 2020 | January 27, 2020–February 10, 2020 | China | 14 | Median 41 (range 18–87) | 7 (50%) | NA | 6 |
| Zhang et al. (26) | May 2, 2020 | January 25, 2020–March 18, 2020 | China | 15 | Median 37 (range 10–73) | 8 (53.3%) | 4 severe; 8 nonsevere; 3 asymptomatic | 7 |
| Zhao et al. (27) | May 12, 2020 | NA | China | 401 | Median 47 (IQR 33–60) | 190 (47.4%) | 85 severe; 316 nonsevere | 7 |
| Zheng et al. (17) | April 24, 2020 | January 30, 2020–February 23, 2020 | China | 51 | Male: 42.6 ± 16.11; female: 38.3 ± 19.03 | 25 (49.0%) | NA | 6 |
| Zheng et al. (47) | April 20, 2020 | January 25, 2020–February 26, 2020 | China | 20 | Range: 23–57 yr | 14 (70%) | NA | 6 |
| Zheng et al. (28) | April 6, 2020 | January 19, 2020–February 15, 2020 | China | 93 | Median 55 (IQR 44.3–64.8) | NA | 71 severe; 22 nonsevere | 6 |
| Zuo et al. (29) | May 14, 2020 | February 5, 2020–March 17, 2020 | China | 15 | Median 55 (IQR 44–67.5) | 7 (47%) | All types | 8 |
IQR, interquartile range; NA, no description.