Table 3.
BALF-EVs as biomarkers of different lung diseases.
| Marker Type | Disease | Marker | Significant Difference/Feature | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protein | COPD | CD14 | MVs CD14+ ↑ in BALF, significant correlation with packyears and FEV1% | [40] |
| Bacterial lung infection | Caveolin-1 | Caveolin-1, component of miRNA-rich EVs from lung epithelial type-I cells, dramatically ↑ during development of acute lung injury | [92] | |
| ARDS | CD45 | LeuMP (CD45+) ↑ in survivors on third day of illness | [96] | |
| Lung cancer | DNMT3B complex | DNMT2B complex ↑ in lung cancer patients | [101] | |
| miRNA | Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis | miRNA (miR-125b, miR-128, miR-21, miR-100, miR-140-3p, miR-374b, let-7d, miR-103, miR-26 and miR-30a-5p) | miR-125b, miR-128, miR-21, miR-100, miR-140-3p, miR-374b ↑, let-7d, miR-103, miR-26 and miR-30a-5p ↓ | [93] |
| Sarcoidosis | miRNA (miR-146a and miR-150) | miR-146a and miR-150 ↑ in CRX-II compared with CRX-I | [95] | |
| Asthma | miRNA | Set of 16 miRNAs significantly altered in asthmatic patients compared with healthy subjects | [94] | |
| Lung adenocarcinoma | miR-126 and Let-7a | miR-126 and let-7a levels are significantly ↑ in BALF from early-stage lung adenocarcinoma patients than control | [97] | |
| DNA | NSCLC | EV-derived DNA | EGFR genotyping of BALF-EVs enables detection of mutation with 100% correspondence to tissue typing | [16] |
| mRNA | MET mRNA | MET mRNA present in exosomes isolated from BALF of icotinib-resistant patients | [105] |