Table 1.
Statistics of the psychosocial scales.
| Scales | Mean | SD | Cronbach’s Alpha |
|---|---|---|---|
| Need to belong | 26.77 | 7.93 | 0.88 |
| Fear of missing out | 20.28 | 8.18 | 0.91 |
| Perceived attachment to phones | 15.80 | 5.51 | 0.87 |
| Habitual smartphone/internet behavior—Smartphone | 27.45 | 7.39 | 0.95 |
| Habitual smartphone/internet behavior—Internet | 31.96 | 3.52 | 0.80 |
| Self regulation | 31.06 | 6.03 | 0.90 |
| Boredom proneness—Lack of internal stimulation | 30.95 | 6.01 | 0.81 |
| Boredom proneness—Lack of external stimulation | 20.12 | 7.20 | 0.81 |
| Abbreviated version of the big five—Extraversion | 5.49 | 2.49 | 0.76 |
| Abbreviated version of the big five—Agreeableness | 11.23 | 2.73 | 0.67 |
| Abbreviated version of the big five—Conscientiousness | 8.17 | 1.83 | 0.63 |
| Abbreviated version of the big five—Neuroticism | 4.86 | 2.36 | 0.79 |
| Abbreviated version of the big five—Openness | 7.47 | 2.06 | 0.60 |