Table 3.

Examples of alkaloids and source species with over one million total occurrences in the GBIF. A source species is only included if it is identified botanically with the species level in the DNP and data on the genus level and above are excluded. Therefore, these are examples of simple alkaloids surpassing 1 million total occurrences and do not account for all examples. Occurrences collected at genus level include those for species. Pharmacological study references of alkaloids are queried on the chemical abstract service (CAS).

Alkaloid	Species	Pharmacological Studies Using the Alkaloid	Occurrences of the Species	Total Occurrences (Species and Genus Level)
4-Hydroxy-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidinium-2-carboxylate/achillein	Achillea millefolium L., Betonica officinalis L., Marrubium vulgare L., etc.	72	1,292,871	2,278,697
2,6-Benzoxazolediol; 6-Me-ether	Coix lacryma L., Triticum aestivum L., Zea mays L., Secale cereale L., etc.	12	1,292,114	1,263,403
2,4-Undecadiene-8,10-diynoic acid; (2E,4E)-form, 2-Methylpropylamide	Chrysanthemum frutescens L., Achillea macrophylla L., Achillea ptarmica L., etc.	2	1,032,568	1,360,771
8-Azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1,2,3,4-tetrol/calystegine	Atropa belladonna L., Solanum tuberosum L., Solanum dulcamara L., etc.	160	1,018,893	2,129,193
2,4-Undecadiene-8,10-diynoic acid; (2E,4E)-form, 2,3-Didehydropiperidide	Otanthus maritimus (L.) Hoffmanns. and Link, Achillea millefolium L. and Achillea ptarmica L.	8	1,016,004	1,310,187
Homostachydrine; (S)-form	Medicago sativa L. and Achillea millefolium L.	54	1,003,339	2,303,110