Table 2.

Circulating miRNAs as biomarkers in peripheral arterial disease (PAD).

Studied Groups (n)	Type of Biomarker	Sample Type	Candidate miRNAs	Refs.
PAD (20) and healthy controls (20)	Diagnostic	Whole blood	Among 12 miRNAs; miR-15b (AUC = 0.92), -16 (AUC = 0.93) and -363 (AUC = 0.93) had highest diagnostic value.	[121]
PAD (40) and healthy controls (19)	Diagnostic	PBMCs	29 miRNAs showed independent associations with PAD (AUC > 0.8 for all).	[122]
PAD (27) and healthy controls (27)	Diagnostic	Serum	miR-130a, -27b and -210 were upregulated in PAD miR-210 was inversely correlated with claudication distance.	[123]
ASO (104) and healthy controls (105)	Diagnostic	Serum	mir-130a and -27b were increased in ASO and positively correlated with disease severity.	[124]
PAD (49) and healthy controls (47)	Diagnostic	Whole blood	miR-124 negatively correlated with ABI.	[125]
PAD patients with (12) and without (35) CVEs; 1 year follow up after surgery.	Prognostic	Plasma	miR-142 predicted post-femoral bypass surgery associated CVEs; (AUC = 0.861).	[126]
PAD patients with intermittent claudication (62); 2 years after surgery.	Prognostic	Serum	miR-195 independently predicted adverse ischemic events (HR per 1-SD of 0.40, 95% CI: 0.23-0.68) and target vessel revascularization (HR per 1-SD of 0.40, 95% CI: 0.22-0.75) after angioplasty with stent implantation.	[127]
PAD (146) and healthy controls (62); follow up period not specified.	Prognostic	Plasma	miR-320a (AUC = 0.766) and -572 (AUC = 0.690) predicted in-stent restenosis.	[128]
PAD patients with (74) and without (91) in-stent restenosis; follow up period not specified.	Prognostic	Serum	Serum miR-143 was lower in restenosis group and predicted in-stent restenosis; AUC = 0.866.	[129]

CVE, Cardiovascular events; PBMC, Peripheral blood mononuclear cells; ASO, Atherosclerosis obliterans; ABI, Ankle brachial index.