Figure 1.
Wetting states of surface based on (A) Wenzel’s model and (B) Cassie–Baxter’s model. (C) Schematic of a water droplet slides off a tilted surface. θ represents the apparent contact angle, which measures the wettability of the surface by a liquid droplet. θa, θr, and θs represent advancing contact angle, receding contact angle, and sliding angle, respectively.