Table 3.
Studies on the Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in PrCa.
| Authors | Year | TIMP | PrCa Platform | Role |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aalinkeel et al. [20] | 2004 | TIMP-1, 3 and 4 * | Yes—Prostate cell lines | TIMP-1 and 4 (but not TIMP-3) expressed higher in more metastatic PrCa cells. |
| Adissu et al. [181] | 2015 | TIMP-3 | Yes—Mice | TIMP-3 mouse knockout exhibited enhanced PrCa tumor growth and invasion. |
| Ashida et al. [178] | 2004 | TIMP-1 | Yes—Prostate samples | TIMP-1 expression down-regulated in the transition to PrCa. |
| Babichenko et al. [25] | 2014 | TIMP-1 * | Yes—Prostate samples | TIMP-1 expression lower in PrCa adenocarcinoma compared to benign prostatic hyperplasia. |
| Baker et al. [182] | 1994 | TIMP-1 and 2 * | Yes—Prostate samples | TIMP-1 expression higher and TIMP-2 lower in PrCa patients. |
| Brehmer et al. [32] | 2003 | TIMP-1 and 2 * | Yes—Prostate samples | TIMP-1 expression decreased in PrCa compared to normal tissue, whereas TIMP-2 expression not significantly different. |
| Daja et al. [38] | 2003 | TIMP-1 * | Yes—Prostate cell lines | TIMP-1 expression higher in more aggressive PrCa cell lines. |
| De Cicco et al. [39] | 2008 | TIMP-1 and 2 * | Yes—Prostate samples/Serum | TIMP-1 and 2 serum levels do not correlate with PrCa progression. |
| Deng et al. [183] | 2006 | TIMP-3 | Yes—Prostate cell lines | Enforced TIMP-3 expression caused apoptosis and increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. |
| Escaff et al. [48] | 2010 | TIMP-1, 2 and 3 * | Yes—Prostate samples | TIMP-1 expression significantly increased in PrCa and associated with Gleason score. |
| Escaff et al. [49] | 2011 | TIMP-1, 2 and 3 * | Yes—Prostate samples | Expression of TIMP-3 (but not TIMP-1 and 2) increased in mononuclear inflammatory cells in PrCa carcinoma. |
| Fernandez-Gomez et al. [52] | 2011 | TIMP-1, 2 and 3 * | Yes—Prostate samples | TIMP-2 expression in mononuclear inflammatory cells significantly associated with decreased tumor grade. TIMP-3 expression in stromal fibroblasts correlated with histological grade. |
| Gong et al. [184] | 2015 | TIMP-1 | Yes—Prostate samples and prostate cell lines | TIMP-1 highly expressed in tumors from castration-resistant PrCa patients. |
| Gravina et al. [55] | 2013 | TIMP-1, 2 and 3 * | Yes—Prostate cell lines | TIMP-1, 2 and 3 expression reduced in PrCa compared to benign prostatic hyperplasia. |
| Gustavsson et al. [185] | 2008 | TIMP-2 and 3 * | Yes—Prostate cell lines and mice | Expression of TIMP-2 (but not TIMP-3) higher in PrCa xenografts. |
| Hashimoto et al. [60] | 1998 | TIMP-1 * | Yes—Prostate samples | MMP-7/TIMP-1 ratio higher in advanced PrCa and correlated with increased invasion and elevated PSA. |
| Hoque et al. [186] | 2005 | TIMP-3 | Yes—Prostate samples/Urine | TIMP-3 gene promoter methylated in urine samples of PrCa patients. |
| Jerónimo et al. [187] | 2004 | TIMP-3 | Yes—Prostate samples | TIMP-3 gene promoter methylation significant in high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and benign prostatic hyperplasia. |
| Jung et al. [66] | 1998 | TIMP-1 * | Yes—Prostate samples | TIMP-1 expression lower in PrCa versus normal tissue. |
| Jung et al. [68] | 1997 | TIMP-1 * | Yes—Prostate samples | TIMP-1 highly expressed in PrCa patients with metastasis compared to benign prostatic hyperplasia. TIMP-1 correlated with PrCa staging not grade. |
| Kamińska et al. [188] | 2019 | TIMP-2 | Yes—Prostate cell lines | TIMP-2 promoter hypermethylation resulting in decreased expression in PrCa. |
| Karan et al. [189] | 2003 | TIMP-3 * | Yes—Prostate samples and prostate cell lines | TIMP-3 not expressed in PrCa cell lines, only in benign prostatic hyperplasia. |
| Kim et al. [179] | 2012 | TIMP-1 * | Yes—Prostate samples | TIMP-1 expression downregulated in metastatic PrCa. |
| Kuefer et al. [190] | 2006 | TIMP-2 * | Yes—Prostate samples and prostate cell lines | TIMP-2 over-expressed in PrCa tissue. |
| Kwabi-Addo et al. [191] | 2010 | TIMP-3 | Yes—Patient samples | TIMP-3 promoter more highly methylated in PrCa versus controls. |
| Lee et al. [192] | 2012 | TIMP-2 | Yes—Prostate cell lines and mice | TIMP-2 administration decreased tumor growth. |
| Lein et al. [79] | 1999 | TIMP-1 * | Yes—Prostate samples | TIMP-1 plasma concentration significantly higher in PrCa and correlated with tumor stage. |
| Leshner et al. [80] | 2016 | TIMP-2 and 3 * | Yes—Prostate samples | TIMP-2 and 3 genes do not reposition during PrCa progression. |
| Lichtinghagen et al. [82] | 2002 | TIMP-1 * | Yes—Prostate samples | TIMP-1 protein, but not mRNA, decreased in PrCa tissue. |
| Lichtinghagen et al. [83] | 2003 | TIMP-1, 2 and 3 * | Yes—Prostate samples | Expression of TIMP-2 and 3 (but not TIMP-1) decreased in PrCa tissue, with TIMP-2 correlating with stage. |
| Liu et al. [177] | 2005 | TIMP-1 | Yes—Prostate samples | TIMP-1 protein levels decreased in PrCa samples, being located in secretory cells. |
| Lokeshwar et al. [86] | 1993 | TIMP * | Yes—Prostate samples | TIMP expression high in normal, but not neoplastic prostate. |
| Morgia et al. [95] | 2005 | TIMP-1 * | Yes—Prostate samples | TIMP-1 expression reduced in patients with metastatic PrCa. |
| Oh et al. [193] | 2011 | TIMP-1 | Yes—Prostate samples | Elevated plasma TIMP-1 correlated with decreased survival in metastatic PrCa. |
| Ozden et al. [105] | 2013 | TIMP-1 * | Yes—Prostate samples | TIMP-2 expression in normal glands associated with lower Gleason grade. |
| Pulukuri et al. [194] | 2007 | TIMP-2 | Yes—Prostate samples and prostate cell lines | Re-expression of TIMP-2 reduced tumor invasion. |
| Reis et al. [112] | 2012 | TIMP-2 * | Yes—Prostate samples | TIMP-2 under expressed in PrCa samples, but expression increased in higher grades. |
| Reis et al. [113] | 2015 | TIMP-1 and 2 * | Yes—Prostate samples | Reduced TIMP-1 expression associated with recurrence, whereas TIMP-2 expression negative in all cases. |
| Reis et al. [114] | 2011 | TIMP-1 * | Yes—Prostate samples | TIMP-1 under-expressed in PrCa samples but over-expressed in benign samples. |
| Riddick et al. [115] | 2005 | TIMP-3 and 4 * | Yes—Prostate samples | TIMP-3 and 4 expression negatively correlated with Gleason score. |
| Ross et al. [116] | 2003 | TIMP-2 * | Yes—Prostate samples | TIMP-2 expression correlated with advanced PrCa. |
| Ross et al. [195] | 2012 | TIMP-1 | Yes—Prostate samples | TIMP-1 expression in blood cells upregulated in PrCa. |
| Sehgal et al. [123] | 2003 | TIMP-1 * | Yes—Prostate cell lines | TIMP-1 expression reduced in metastatic PrCa subline. |
| Shinojima et al. [196] | 2012 | TIMP-3 | Yes—Prostate samples | TIMP-3 expression down regulated in PrCa versus normal due to promoter hypermethylation. |
| Srivastava et al. [131] | 2012 | TIMP-2 * | Yes—Prostate specimens | TIMP-2 GC polymorphism associated with PrCa progression not initiation, as well as cancer risk. |
| Stearns et al. [180] | 1995 | TIMP-1 * | Yes—Prostate cell lines | TIMP-1 expressed in PrCa cells. |
| Still et al. [134] | 2000 | TIMP-2 * | Yes—prostate specimens | MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio increased in tumors of higher grade and stage. |
| Trudel et al. [136] | 2008 | TIMP-2 * | Yes—Prostate specimens | Higher TIMP-2 expression associated with longer disease-free survival. |
| Wood et al. [146] | 1997 | TIMP-1 and 2 * | Yes—Prostate samples | TIMP-1 and 2 expressed in stromal inversely correlated with Gleason score, with reduced expression in metastatic PrCa samples. |
| Yamanaka et al. [197] | 2003 | TIMP-3 | Yes—Prostate samples | TIMP-3 promoter methylation low, and unchanged between PrCa and benign samples. |
| Yaykaşli et al. [149] | 2014 | TIMP-2 * | Yes—Prostate samples | TIMP-2 polymorphism under-represented in PrCa patients. |
| Zhang et al. [151] | 2002 | TIMP-1 and 2 * | Yes—Prostate samples and prostate cell lines | TIMP-1 and 2 expressed in both stromal and epithelial cells in PrCa, with no difference between fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Tendency for higher TIMP-2 expression in cells derived from malignant PrCa tissue. |
| Zhang et al. [198] | 2010 | TIMP-3 | Yes—Prostate samples, Prostate cell lines and mice | Enforced TIMP-3 expression inhibited proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, and adhesion of cells, with reduced incidence and size of tumors in mice. |
* Included in at least one other table.