Table 3.
Effects of complications on direct total medical costs per person for inpatient visits in generalized estimating equation normal regression.
| Variable | Coefficient Estimate (Standard Error) | |
| Sex: female (Ref: male) | −2236.33 *** (28.66) | |
| Age group (Ref: ≤44 years), years | ||
| 45–54 | 2173.74 *** (56.14) | |
| 55–64 | 3715.05 *** (54.52) | |
| 65–74 | 5582.47 *** (58.31) | |
| ≥75 | 6333.84 *** (59.20) | |
| Coefficient Estimate (Standard Error) | ||
| Event/condition (Ref: n) | <1 year after the event | >1 year after the event |
| Neuropathy | −16.14 (115.09) | 883.90 *** (91.01) |
| Ocular disorders | −503.66 *** (106.65) | 1423.16 *** (93.39) |
| Kidney disease | 304.14 ** (108.43) | 624.00 *** (83.08) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 10,631.16 *** (125.74) | 1150.71 *** (86.10) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | −748.48 *** (129.33) | −1033.74 *** (114.89) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1017.62 ** (74.56) | 653.82 *** (70.28) |
| Diabetic coma | 3135.64 *** (492.21) | −1031.60 ** (436.63) |
Ref, reference. ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.