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. 2021 Mar 25;26(7):1839. doi: 10.3390/molecules26071839

Figure 1.

Figure 1

MVC treatment prevents inflammation in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice. DBA/1J mice were first immunized via intradermal injection of bovine type II collagen emulsified in complete Freund’s adjuvant. The second immunization was administered 21 days later in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant. (A) Work flow of MVC treatment for CIA in mice. Briefly, mice were first immunized with injection (s.c.) of emulsion containing bovine type II collagen (CII)/CFA on day 0 and were subsequently immunized with emulsion containing CII/IFA on day 21. Mice were treated with MVC from day 21 to day 35. The CIA mouse model was established, treated with MVC, and evaluated for clinical parameters of arthritis, including joint swelling (B), and mean arthritis score in CIA mice (C). Histological analysis of the joints showed a significant improvement in inflammation with less damage to the joint space in MVC-treated mice (D). Normal control (NC) mice received 1% (v/v) DMSO in saline and MVC (50 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (ip) daily from days 21 to 35. CIA mice were treated with MVC (50 mg/kg) ip after the second immunization. The level of significance was set at * p < 0.05 compared with the CIA control group. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6).