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Apoptotic pathways involved in CIAKI. Cisplatin stimulation of ROS leads to cytochrome release and effector caspase activation in the Intrinsic/mitochondrial pathway (red) [54,94,154], ER stress is involved in two mechanisms, through stimulation of PERK to promote ER stress induced caspase-3 activation (blue) [155]. Extrinsic apoptosis is caused by TNFR1 signaling caspase-8 (green).
