Table 2.

Number of ToxCast assays for direct food additives with the half-maximal activity concentration (AC₅₀) below the cytotoxicity limit identified in Figure 1.

Direct Food Additives	Number of Assays with Half-Maximal Activity Concentration (AC50) < Cytotoxicity Limit
Tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ)	58
FD&C Red No. 3 (erythrosine)	46
Propyl paraben	23
Propyl gallate	21
Ethoxyquin, FD&C Blue No. 1, folic acid, sodium lauryl sulfate, sorbic acid, vitamin D2	11–16
Acetic acid, caprylic acid, FD&C Green No. 3, maltol, methyl paraben, sodium ascorbate, stearic acid, triethyl citrate, vitamin A	6–10
Acesulfame potassium, adipic acid, ascorbyl palmitate, aspartame, azodicarbonamide, benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, butylated hydroxytoluene, caffeine, calcium lactate, citric acid, ethyl maltol, FD&C Red No. 40, FD&C Yellow No. 5, FD&C Yellow No. 6, fumaric acid, glycerin, glyceryl triacetate, limonene, linoleic acid, malic acid, peppermint oil, phosphoric acid, potassium nitrate, propylene glycol, riboflavin, saccharin, silicon dioxide, sodium erythorbate, sodium nitrite, sorbitol, sucralose, sugar, vanillin, vitamin B6, vitamin C	1–5
Butylated hydroxyanisole, FD&C Blue No. 2, lactic acid, lactose, polysorbate 80, sodium benzoate, succinic acid, vitamin B7	0

Note: Based on ToxCast data publicly available in September 2020. This table includes assays without any data quality flags and assays with a single data quality flag, “less than 50% efficacy”.