Table 5.

Studies investigating the mechanisms by which anticancer drugs exert their effects.

Mechanism of CIPN	Neuropathic Pain Model	Mode of Administration/Concentration	Animal	Reference
Strong TREM2/DAP12 signaling continuously activated microglial cells, which resulted in neuropathic pain.	Cisplatin induced	Intraperitoneal/Accumulated dose of 23 mg/kg delivered in 2 rounds daily for 5 days with a 5 day break between rounds. (in vitro and in vivo)	Adult male mice, 9–10 weeks old	[68]
Oxaliplatin upregulates spinal CX3CLI, causing central sensitization and acute CIPN	Oxaliplatin induced	Intraperitoneal/single dose of 4 mg/kg (in vitro and in vivo)	Male Sprague Dawley rats	[70]
Increased S1P, S1PR1, and dihydro-S1P due to dysregulated sphingolipid metabolism	Bortezomib induced	(in vitro and in vivo)	Male Sprague Dawley rats, S1pr1 knockout and knockdown mice	[67]
Downregulation of GLAST and GLT-1 on astrocyte membranes	Paclitaxel induced	Intraperitoneal/4 injections of 2 mg/kg every other day (in vitro)	Adult Male Sprague Dawley Rats, 8–10 weeks old	[66]
Upregulation of CX43 gap junctional proteins in astrocytes in the spinal cord dorsal horn	Oxaliplatin induced	Intraperitoneal/4 injections of 2mg/kg each given every other day. (in vitro and in vivo)	Male Sprague Dawley rats	[65]