Table 7.

Previous studies investigating the mechanisms by which anticancer drugs exert their effects.

Mechanism of CIPNP	Neuropathic Pain Model	Mode of Administration/ Concentration	Animal	Reference
Increased sphingosine metabolism and consequently increased ceramide, DH-S1P, and SIP. Increased TNF-α and IL-1β in blood plasma	Bortezomib induced	Intraperitoneal/total 1 mg/kg over 5 consecutive days (0.2 mg/kg per day) and Intraperitoneal/0.4 mg/kg every other day 3 times a week for 4 weeks	Male Sprague Dawley rats and GFAP-Cre breeder mice	[67]
Upregulated TREM 2 ligand and thus increased TREM2/DAP12 complex signaling, leading to the activation of microglial cells	Cisplatin induced	Intraperitoneal/ 23mg/kg spread over 2 rounds of 5 consecutive days with a 5day break	Adult male mice	[68]
Increase in the astrocyte-specific gap junctional protein CX43 in the spinal cord, leading to enhanced astrocyte activation.	Oxaliplatin induced	Intraperitoneal/4 injections of 2 mg/kg each, every other day	male Sprague-Dawley rats	[65]
Downregulation of GLAST and GLT-1 in the spinal cord dorsal horn led to excessive activation of postsynaptic AMPA and NMDA receptors	Paclitaxel induced	Intraperitoneal/1 mg/kg per day for 4 consecutive days Intraperitoneal/1.0 mg/kg on 4 alternate days, total 4 mg/kgIntraperitoneal/2 mg/kg every other day for total 4 injections	male Sprague–Dawley ratsadult male Sprague–Dawley rats Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats	[66,74,75]
TLR4, through MYD 88 and TRIF, plays an integral role in nociceptive signaling.	Cisplatin induced	Intraperitoneal/ Six injections of 2.3 mg/kg given every other day	Wild type C57BL/6 mice; Tlr3–/–, Tlr4–/–, and Myd88–/– mice	[64]
TLR4 signaling in the spinal cord dorsal horn and DRG induces and maintains CIPN	Paclitaxel induced	Intraperitoneal/4 injections of 2 mg/kg administered every other day	Male Sprague-Dawley rats	[60]