Table 1.
The results of the selected studies.
| RCT Studies HRVB for Treatment PTSD and Depression | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RELEVANCE | RESULTS | ||||||||||
| Autor | Design | n | Domain | Setting | Period | Scale | Pre | Post | Reduction | Signif. | |
| RCT/SGT | Exp | Exp | Exp | Cont | Pre-Post | ||||||
| Zucker (2009)[28] | RCT HRVB vs. PMR |
38 | PTSD | 1e line | 4 weeks daily | PCL | 52.6 | 38.6 | 27% | 18% | p < 0.05 |
| BDI-II | 26.4 | 12.3 | 53% | 24% | p < 0.05 | ||||||
| Tan (2011) [29] | RCT HRVB vs. TAU |
20 | PTSD | Veteran hosp | 8 weeks daily | PCL-S | 64.8 | 54.4 | 16% | 2% | p < 0.05 |
| CAPS | 86.4 | 71.2 | 18% | 9% | p < 0.001 | ||||||
| Rene (2008) [30] | RCT HRVB vs. PMR |
46 | Depression | 1e line | 8 weeks daily | BDI-II | 35.0 | 7.8 | 78% | 44% | p < 0.005 |
| Chaudhri (2008) [31] | RCT HRVB+DBT vs sertraline |
60 | Depression | univ.hos | 12 weeks daily | BDI-II | 31.0 | 7.5 | 76% | 29% | p < 0.001 |
| DERS | 123.1 | 64.2 | 48% | 8% | p < 0.001 | ||||||
| Patron (2013) [32] | RCT HRVB vs. TAU |
26 | Depression after infarct |
univ.hos | 2 weeks daily |
CES-D | 15.3 | 8.9 | 42% | 1% | p = 0.02 |
| Van der Zwan (2019) [33] | RCT HRVB vs. waitinglist |
50 | Depression Anxiety Stress |
University pregnant Women |
5 weeks daily | DASS PSQI | 5.45 6.55 |
2. 84.7 |
49% 21% |
35% 10% |
p = 0.039 p = 0.063 |
| Karavidas (2007) [34] | SGT | 11 | Depression | univ.hos | 10 weeks | BDI | 26.0 | 12.5 | 52% | - | p < 0.001 |
| Siepman (2008) [35] | HRVB vs. healthy |
38 | Depression | univ.h vs. stud | 4 weeks 3× a Week |
BDI | 21.5 | 5.5 | 74% | - | p < 0.05 |
| Thode (2019) [36] | RCT HRVB vs. TAU |
37 | MDD | LatinoHealth center |
4 weeks | PHQ-9 GAD-7 |
16.42 11.08 |
10.85 6.50 |
40% 41% |
7% 9% |
p <0.05 p < 0.05 |
| Lin (2016)[37] | Case control study | 9 | MDD Depression |
Heroin users | 5weeks 1× a week |
BDI-II BDI cogn |
23 19 |
18.3 14.3 |
20% 25% |
- | p > 0.05 |
| Lin (2019) [38] | RCT HRVB vs. med.care |
48 | MDD | 3 hospitals | 6 weeks | BDI-II PSQI | 24.25 12.42 |
15.04 8.92 |
38% 28% |
1% 5% |
p = 0.007 p = 0.012 |
RCT: Randomized controlled trial; SGT: Single Group Trial; PMR = progressive muscle relaxation; DBT = dialectical behavioral therapy; PPD: postpartum depression; univ.hos = university hospital; BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; PCL: PTSD Check-List; CAPS: Clinical Administered PTSD Scale; CES-D: Centre Epidemiological Study-Depression; DERS: Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale; STAI: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire; GAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder.