Table 1.

Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO)/ vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) tissue localization, cell type expression, physiological substrates proved to be metabolized by these tissues and physiological function. Note the absence of SSAO/VAP-1 expression in cerebral parenchymal cells (neurons and glia). Benzylamine is a non-physiological substrate of SSAO metabolized by SSAOs from different origins. Data are summarized from [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44].

Tissue	Cell Type	Substrate	Function
Cerebrovascular tissue (meninges and microvessels) (human, rabbit, mouse, bovine)	Endothelial cells Smooth muscle cells	Methylamine (derived from epinephrine, adrenaline, creatine, sarcosine and choline) aminoacetone (derived from glycine and threonine)	Scavenger of endogenous dietary amines Generation of H2O2 as a signaling molecule Leukocyte trafficking under inflammation
Vascularized tissues (heart, kidney, lung, intestine, liver, retina and lymph nodes) and blood vessels (human, pig, rat, rabbit, bovine)	Endothelial cells Smooth muscle cells Pericytes	Phenylethylamine Dopamine Methylamine Tyramine Tryptamine	Metabolism of physiological circulating amines and xenobiotic ones Leukocyte binding and extravasation under inflammatory conditions
Adipose tissue (human and rat)	Adipocytes (white and brown)	Various endogenous and exogenous amines	Metabolism of endogenous amines Insulinomimetic effects through the generation of H2O2
Ureter and vas deferens	Non-vascular smooth muscle cells	Dopamine	Metabolism of physiological amines and xenobiotic ones
Endometrium (human)	Pericytes	Methylamine	Recruiting innate immune cells
Skin (guinea pig)	Fibroblasts	Histamine 1–4 Methylhistamine	Metabolism of physiological amines and xenobiotic ones
Dental pulp (human, pig)	Odontoblasts	Serotonin Phenylethylamine Tyramine Tryptamine	Contribution to inflammatory response in dental pulp (pulpitis)