Table 5.
Comparison of properties of PP nanocomposites produced from SHS- and KOH-CNF.
| Properties | PP/SHS-CNF | PP/KOH-CNF | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pretreatment of cellulose | Partially chemical | Totally chemical | [36] |
| Hemicellulose content | 11.40 ± 1.9 | 0.00 ± 0.0 | [12] |
| • Number of WDM cycles to produce CNF | 6 | 8 | [36] |
| Mechanical performance | |||
| • Best CNF ratio (%) in nanocomposite | 3 | 3 | This study |
| • Tensile strength (MPa) | 33.93 ± 0.8 a | 34.42 ± 1.1 a | This study |
| • Flexural strength (MPa) | 59.46 ± 1.0 a | 59.88 ± 1.6 a | This study |
| • Young’s modulus (MPa) | 1027 ± 17 a | 1040 ± 53 a | This study |
| • Flexural modulus (MPa) | 2223 ± 150 a | 2287 ± 122 a | This study |
| Crystallinity index (%) | 55.2 | 56.0 | This study |
| Thermal stability at | |||
| • Td5% (°C) | 352 | 358 | This study |
| • Td10% (°C) | 381 | 387 | This study |
| Function as nucleating agent | Yes | Yes |
a All data of mechanical performance are means of 5 replicates ± S.D. A similar small alphabet superscript indicates no significant differences among the nanocomposite samples, at p < 0.05.