Table 1.

Cannabinoids’ effects on signaling pathway of cell cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy.

	Mediators	Effects	References
Cell Cycle	WIN 55,212-2 CBD THC AEA	Inhibition of Cdk4/CycD Inhibition of Cdk2/CycE Downregulation of Cdc2 Inhibition of cAMP Inhibition of AKT pathway	[65] [87] [88] [90] [91]
Apoptosis	CBD C6 THC AEA metAEA	Inhibition of XIAP Downregulation Bcl-2 Upregulation Noxa Enhance ROS generation Upregulation of GRP78 Inhibition of ERK/AKT signalling Accumulation of Ceramide Activation of Raf1/ERK Downregulation AKT pathway Increase of Ca2+ influx Activation of Fas/FasL Activation of PPARγ	[92] [87] [92] [93] [94] [93] [95] [95] [91] [95] [96] [72]
Autophagy	THC-CBD THC AEA	Activation of CaCMKKβ Inactivation of mTORC1 Activation of LC3-II Inhibition of mTORC1 Downregulation SOCS3	[91] [91] [89] [100] [100]