Figure 3.

Ovalbumin sensitization and pasteurized milk treatment significantly increased bacterial richness at day 31. Microbial richness was examined at the taxonomic level of genus. Measurements were based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence datasets rarefied to 7000 sequences per sample. One-way ANOVA results and Tukey post hoc test adjusted p-values shown: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001. PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; OVA, ovalbumin; raw, raw cow’s milk; pasteurized, pasteurized cow’s milk; skimmed, skimmed raw cow’s milk; pasteurized + ALP, pasteurized milk spiked with alkaline phosphatase.