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. 2021 Mar 26;22(7):3417. doi: 10.3390/ijms22073417

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Skimmed raw milk is associated with increased butyrate-producing genera at day 31. The percent mean relative abundance of (A) putative butyrate-producing taxa and (B) total butyrate-to-total SCFA ratio examined is shown for the different control and experimental groups at day 31. Kruskal–Wallis results and Dunn’s post hoc test adjusted p-values shown: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; OVA, ovalbumin; raw, raw cow’s milk; pasteurized, pasteurized cow’s milk; skimmed, skimmed raw cow’s milk; pasteurized + ALP, pasteurized milk spiked with alkaline phosphatase; KW, Kruskal–Wallis; SCFA, short-chain fatty acids.