Table 1.
Group analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) results for overall fecal microbiota compositions between control and experimental groups at the taxonomic level of genus.
| Day −1 | R | p-Value |
|---|---|---|
| PBS vs. Raw | 0.025 | 0.311 |
| PBS vs. Pasteurized | 0.160 | 0.057 |
| PBS vs. Skimmed | 0.073 | 0.157 |
| PBS vs. Pasteurized + ALP | −0.098 | 0.897 |
| Raw vs. Pasteurized | 0.286 | 0.003 |
| Raw vs. Skimmed | 0.288 | 0.010 |
| Raw vs. Pasteurized + ALP | 0.098 | 0.114 |
| Pasteurized vs. Skimmed | −0.075 | 0.854 |
| Pasteurized vs. Pasteurized + ALP | 0.083 | 0.151 |
| Skimmed vs. Pasteurized + ALP | −0.018 | 0.541 |
| Day 31 | ||
| PBS vs. OVA | 0.389 | 0.002 |
| PBS vs. Raw | 0.365 | 0.005 |
| PBS vs. Pasteurized | 0.388 | 0.004 |
| PBS vs. Skimmed | 0.610 | 0.002 |
| PBS vs. Pasteurized + ALP | 0.453 | 0.004 |
| OVA vs. Raw | 0.373 | 0.003 |
| OVA vs. Pasteurized | 0.174 | 0.026 |
| OVA vs. Skimmed | 0.464 | 0.003 |
| OVA vs. Pasteurized + ALP | 0.313 | 0.005 |
| Raw vs. Pasteurized | 0.266 | 0.013 |
| Raw vs. Skimmed | 0.122 | 0.106 |
| Raw vs. Pasteurized + ALP | 0.159 | 0.049 |
| Pasteurized vs. Skimmed | 0.326 | 0.008 |
| Pasteurized vs. Pasteurized + ALP | 0.214 | 0.038 |
| Skimmed vs. Pasteurized + ALP | 0.227 | 0.034 |
Global R comparison was based on ANOSIM performed within the software package Primer7 (PRIMER-E Ltd., Lutton, UK); p-values were calculated based on a permutational analysis vs. employing 999 permutations; square-root transformed. p-values < 0.05 are considered significant. PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; OVA, ovalbumin; raw, raw cow’s milk; pasteurized, pasteurized cow’s milk; skimmed, skimmed raw cow’s milk; pasteurized + ALP, pasteurized milk spiked with alkaline phosphatase.