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. 2021 Mar 27;13(7):1548. doi: 10.3390/cancers13071548

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Macroscopic and histologic outcomes of DEN-induced carcinogenesis in WT and hSDC1^+/+ mice. (a) Comparison of body mass of WT and hSDC1^+/+ mice showed a difference only at 9 months, indicating weight loss of WT mice due to tumorous wasting. (b) At 9 months, significantly increased liver mass was measured in WT livers compared to hSDC1^+/+, reflecting a large number of cancer nodules. (c) No macroscopically visible cancer was found in hSDC1^+/+ livers at 6 months. At 9 months, hSDC1 livers contained, on average, 3–4-fold fewer tumor nodules compared to WT. (d) Histological examination revealed a few small tumor nodules at 6 months in hSDC1^+/+ livers. The area occupied by tumors increased to 30% in WT but only 10% in hSDC1^+/+ by month 9. Data points represent the mean ± standard deviation (SD), n of hSDC1^+/+ DEN = 22, n of WT DEN = 14, ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.