Table 1.
Comparative analysis of polymer used for immobilization of cells and its application.
| Microorganism | Polymer Type or Cross-Linker | Application | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aspergillus awamori | polyacrylonitrile membrane | phenol biodegradation | [21] |
| Clostridium acetobutylicum, E. coli, Pseudomonas spp., Rhodococcus spp. | glutaraldehyde | biofuel, bioremediation | [23,62,78] |
| E. coli, Clostridium acetobutylicum, Pseudomonas spp., Rhodococcus spp., Acinetobacter spp. | PVA-aldehyde/PEI aldehyde/oxidized dextran or aldehyde dextran | hydrolysis/fermentation/bioremediation | [23,28,29,62] |
| Actinobacillus succinogenes, Rhizopusoryzae spp. | PVA-cryogel | lactic, fumaric and succinic acids | [51] |
| Chlorella spp. | Alg, Carrageenan, Agarose, Alginate and Agar beads, polyurethane foam | removal of ions Ni, Zn, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and uranium, phosphate, nitrite, NH4 | [52,111,112,113] |
| Pseudomonas citronellolis | PVA bamboo-biochar beads | toluene and hydrocarbons | [46] |
| Trichoderma spp. | HEMA cryogel | cyanide removal | [55] |
| Komagataei bacterxylinum | PVA-cryogel | microcellulose | [58] |
| - | polylysine-b-polyvaline GA cryogel Gum Arabic linked with divinyl sulfone |
water treatment, antimicrobial activity E-coli | [54] |
| - | aldehyde modified dextran | scaffolds or mammalian cell immobilisation | [28,82] |
| Pseudomonas fluorescens(S3X), Microbacterium oxydans (EC29) | hydroxyapatite | removal of zinc and cadmium ions | [68] |
| Pseudomonas rhodesiae, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus lateroporus | cryogel polyethylenoxide UV | phenol, methylphenol/cresol remediation | [85,86,122] |
| Nitrosomonas europaea C-31 and ‘Candidatus Jettenia caeni, Rhodococcus spp., Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas spp. | PVA cryogel | removal of ammonia | [90,98] |
| Bacillus | PVA- H3BO3-Ca- Alg beads | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons removal | [101] |
| Lactobacillus rhamnosus | PVA-Alg-Ca cryogel | lactate production | [103] |
| Bacillus cereus | pAAm-BisAAm cryogel | crude oil degradation | [104] |